C1- Periodic Table, Structure of an Atom and Group 7

Question 1

Where is the Nucleus of an atom?

Answer 1

In the middle

Question 2

What is contained in the Nucleus?

Answer 2

Protons and Neutrons

Question 3

Does the nucleus have a positive or negative charge, why?

Answer 3

Positive because of the protons

Question 4

Where are the electrons of an atom found?

Answer 4

Around the nucleus in electron SHELLS

Question 5

What is the relative charge of an electron and what is its mass?

Answer 5

• negative

- very small or 0

Question 6

What is the relative charge of a proton and what is its mass?

Answer 6

• MUST say +1

- 1

Question 7

What is the relative charge of a neutron and what is its mass?

Answer 7

• 0

- 1

Question 8

Overall what charge does an atom have?

Answer 8

It is neutral

Question 9

The number of…..is equal to the number of….

Answer 9

The number of protons is equal to the number of neutrons

Question 10

What is the atomic number of Sodium?

                     23
                           Na
                      11

Answer 10

11

Question 11

What does the atomic number tell you?

Answer 11

The number of protons there are .

Question 12

So, how do you find the number of neutrons?

Answer 12

You subtract the atomic number from the relative mass.

So for sodium.. 23
Na
1 1
You do 23-11= 12 , there are 12 neutrons

Question 13

What is an element?

Answer 13

An element is a substance made up of atoms, that all have the same number of protons in their nucleus.

Question 14

What is an isotope?

Answer 14

Different forms of the same element, which have the same number of PROTONS but a different number of NEUTRONS

same atomic number different mass number for example Carbon-12 and Carbon-13
12 13
C C
6 6

Question 15

What is the formula used to work out the relative atomic mass of an element?

Answer 15

sum of (isotope abundance x isotope mass number)
————————————————————————–
sum of abundances of all isotopes

Question 16

What Is a compound?

Answer 16

Compounds are substances formed from two or more elements.

Question 17

What are mixtures?

Answer 17

Two or more elements or compounds mixed together and are easily separated, unlike compounds.

Question 18

What is chromatography?

Answer 18

Used to separate different dyes and ink. Separates compounds out of a mixture.

Question 19

Names the steps of chromatography

Answer 19

1- Draw a line in pencil near the bottom of a sheet of filter paper. Pencil marks are insoluble and so won’t dissolve in the solvent.
2- Add a spot of the ink to the line and place the sheet in a beaker of solvent e.g. water.
3- The solvent used depends on what’s being tested. Some compounds dissolve in water, but sometimes other solvents like ethanol are needed.
4-Make sure the ink isn’t touching the solvent- you don’t want it to dissolve.
5-Place a lid on top of the beaker you don’t want the solvent evaporating
6- The solvent seeps up the paper carrying the ink with it.
7-Each different dye in the ink will move up the paper at a different rate so the dyes will separate out.
8- Any insoluble dyes in the ink will stay at the baseline
9-The end result is called a chromatogram.

Question 20

What are filtration and crystallisation?

Answer 20

Methods of separating mixtures

Question 21

If a solid can be dissolved, what is it described as being?

Answer 21

Soluble

Question 22

Explain the method of evaporation.

Answer 22

1- Pour the solution into an evaporating dish.
2- Slowly heat the solution. The solvent will evaporate and the solution will become more concentrated. Eventually, crystals will begin to form.
3-Keep heating the evaporating dish until all you have left are dry crystals.

Question 23

Explain the method of crystallisation.

Answer 23

1- Pour the solution into an evaporating dish and gently heat the solution. Some of the solvent will evaporate and the solution will become more concentrated
2- Once some of the solvent has evaporated or when you see crystals being formed, remove the dish from the heat and leave it to cool.
3- The salt should start to form crystals as it becomes insoluble in the cold, highly concentrated solution.
4- Filter the crystals out of the solution and leave them to dry .

Question 24

What method could you use to separate rock salt?

Answer 24

1- Grind mixture to make sure salt crystals are small, so will easily dissolve.
2- Put the mixture in water and stir, the salt will dissolve but sand won’t
3- Filter the mixture. The grains of sand won’t fit through the paper. The salt passes through as it is part of the solution.
4- Evaporate the water from the salt to form dry crystals.

Question 25

What is distillation?

Answer 25

Used to separate mixtures which contain liquids.

Question 26

What is the method of distillation?

Answer 26

1-Solution is heated
2-The part of solution with lowest boiling point evaporates first.
3- The vapour is then cooled, condenses and is collected
4- The rest of the solution is left in the flask

Question 27

What is the problem with simple distillation?

Answer 27

You can only use it to separate things with very different boiling points.

Question 28

What is the maximum number of electrons allowed in each shell starting with the shell closest to the nucleus?

Answer 28

2,2,8

Question 29

What metals are in group 1?

Answer 29

Alkali metals

Question 30

What do Alkali metals form with non-metals?

Answer 30

Ionic compounds

Question 31

What is the name of the gases in group 0?

Answer 31

Noble Gases

Question 32

as you move down group 0 what happens to the boiling points of the gases?

Answer 32

They increase