C1-Periodic Table+Atomic Structure Flashcards
Define an atom
What everything is made up of
Define an element
Made of ONLY ONE type of atom
Define compound
MORE than ONE type of element chemically combined that cannot be separated
What does the group number tell us
How many electrons are on the outer shell
What does the period number tell us?
How many shells there are
What are group 1 called
Alkali metals
What is group 7 called?
Halogens
What is group 0 (8) called?
Noble gasses
What is the trend in reactivity for group 1
The most reactive at the bottom
What is the trend in reactivity in group 7
Most reactive at the top
What charge do protons,neutrons and electrons have?
Positive,neutral,negative
Name four seperation techniques?
Fillteration
crystallisation
distillation
chromotography
Describe properties of metals
Ducktile(can be used as wires),sonorous(ringing sound when hit),malleable(can be shaped),lustorous (shiny)
High melting point, high density,good conductors of heat snd electricity
Who discovered the periodic table?
Dimitri mendelev
Facts abt periodic table
Mendeleev left gaps in the table for undicovered elements,metals are on the left hand side of the staircase
What is the radius if an atim
1.0x10 to the minus 8
What is a solvent
A liquid in which a solid dissolves
What is a soluble solute
A solid that dissolves in a solvent
Who discovered atoms what year
John dalton 1803
Who discovered electron what year
JJ thomson 1897
Who dicovered protons what year
Ernst rutherford 1917
Who discovered neutron what year
James chadwick 1932
Plum pudding model
JJ thomson mass shared throughout pudding pudding is positive plums are negative (electrons) embeded in the pudding
Nucleur model
Ernst rutherford. Dissproved plum pudding model using gold foil expirement. All mass in nucleus of an atom nucleus is positive most of an atom is empty space negative charged orbit nucles
Nucleur model
Niel Bohr electrons are at fixed distance from nucleus the centre contains protons and neutrons. Model used today
What is the small number on the periodic table
Atomic number (protons and electrons)
What is the bug number on the periodic table
Mass number neutrons+electrons
How many electrons can shell 1 hold
2
How many electrons can the rest of the shells hold
8
What is a filtrate
Something that has been filtered
What is the residue
Whats left in the funnel
What is a displacement reaction
When a more reactive element replaces a less reactive element
What is the only metal that is liquid at room temp
Mercury
What non metal is liwuid at room temp
Bromine
What force holds electrons in place
Electrostatic attraction
What are all metals trying to do during chemical reactions
Donate outer shell electrons
What are all non metald trying to do during chemical reactiond
Gain outer shell electrons from metals
What are the 3 magnetic metals
Iton nickel cobalt
What is an ion
A charged particle (either negative or positive)
Cat ions-positive An ions-negative
What ions do metald and non metals form
Non metals form negative ions bc they are gaining negative electrons. Metals form positive ions bc they are losing negative ions
What dies inert mean
Unreactive
How many sodiums do u need to react with oxygen
2 bc oxygen needs to gain 2 electrons but sodium only donates 1 (Na (subscript) 2 O
Whats different abt atoms and ions
Atoms have the same number if protons and electrons whereas ions have different number of electrons and protons
Ions are charged
Atoms are stable
Ions are unstable
Ions are formed bc of chemical reactions
What happens when group 1 reacts with water
It is flamable and corrosive stored in oil. Less dense that water bc they float and move fizzing snd bubbling flame smoke gas is produced (possibly hydrogen). Soft metals shiny when cut but dull when reacted witb ait
Tint pop made when gas produced was lit
Why is lithium least reactive alkali metal?
Bc it had the least amount of shells meaning the attraction between the negative electrons and positive nucleus is stronger so the electron is harder to lose during chem reactions
What do alkali metals do to water
They turn green neutral water purple
How do you know a chemical reaction has taken place
A gas was produced, the colour if the water chnaged and a flame was produced
What is an ionic bond
A bond between metal and non metal
What is a covalent bond
Bond between non metal and non metal
What is formed when an alkali metal is reacted with water
A metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas
Describe transition metals
In the middle of periodic table good conductors can be user as catalysts (same properties as metals)
What is an isotope
A version if an element that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
What is the relative mass of pen
P-1. N-1. E-0
