C1: Origins of Japanese nationalism and militarism and causes of expansion

Question 1

US arrived in Tokyo Harbor

Answer 1

1853

Question 2

The Meiji Restoration moved to modernize Japan

Answer 2

1868

Question 3

The Meiji Constitution

Answer 3

(1889-1947) After the restoration in 1868, document written by Japan’s leaders to create a state defined as being a capable, modern nation deserving of Western respect while preserving their own power. It called for a bicameral parliament (Diet) with an elcted lower house and a prime minister appointed by the emperor. The emperor was granted supreme control of the army and the navy.

Military (independent) could veto any decision and threaten to desolve the government if demands were not met.

Question 4

Privy Council

Answer 4

Small government body of elites whose approval was required for laws, major political appointees and more; they controlled access to the Emperor of Japan and were heavily relied on by the Emperor owing to their prestige and experience

Question 5

The Diet

Answer 5

Diet created as a result of the Meiji Constitution.

Composed of two divisions: an elected House of Representatives and an appointed House of Peers.

• House of representatives could create and pass laws if approved by the House of Peers.

Question 6

Japanese expansion in asia (period)

Answer 6

1931-41

Question 7

How did the education system promote nationalism and loyalty to the state?

Answer 7

• Modernized Japan required all citizens to attend school for four years, this was changed to 6 years in 1903.
• purpose of compulsory education: teach practical skills, ability to problem-solve -> increased literacy throughout the country.
• People then read more books, newspapers and journals, including those which criticized the state
• literacy was directly connected to increased awareness of government and policies -> growing opposition