C1:ORGANISATION OF PLANT TISSUES AND GROWTH Flashcards
WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF PLANT TISSUES?
1) Meristematic Tissues
2) Permanent Tissues
MERISTEMATIC TISSUES CONSIST OF______?
- Apical meristematic tissues
- Lateral meristematic tissues
PERMANENT TISSUES CONSIST OF_______?
- Epidermal tissues
- Ground Tissues
- Vascular tissues
DESCRIBE PERMANENT TISSUES.
-Matured tissues which experienced or are experiencing differentiation.
-There are three types of permanent tissues, which is : •Epidermal tissues
•Ground tissues
•Vascular tissues
DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE OF EPIDERMAL TISSUES.
- Layer the outermost surface of stems leaves and roots of young plants
- Epidermal cell walls which are exposed to the air have a waxy and waterproof layer called cuticle
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF CUTICLE?
- Reduces loss of water through evaporation (transpiration),
- protects the leaf from mechanical injuries and pathogens
NAME TWO MODIFIED EPIDERMAL CELLS ACCORDING TO THEIR FUNCTIONS.
GUARD CELL: control the opening of the stoma
ROOT HAIR CELLS:Increase the surface area of the root for water and mineral salts absorption.
DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE OF PARENCHYMA TISSUES.
- Simplest living cells
- Do not undergo differentiation
- Have the thinnest cell wall
- Always in a turgid state
WHY PARENCHYMA TISSUES ARE ALWAYS IN TURGID STATE?
- To provide support
- maintain the shape of herbaceous plants
PARENCHYMA TISSUES ARE INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS OF________
- Photosynthesis
- storage of starch and sugar
- Gaseous exchange
- Repair and regeneration of plant tissue as well as in the vascular system
DESCRIBE COLLENCHYMA TISSUES.
- made of living cells which mature into cells that are flexible
- Cell walls made of pectin and hemicellulose
- Their cell walls are thicker than the parenchyma tissues.
State the function of Collenchyma tissues.
-Provide mechanical support and elasticity to plants
EXPLAIN THE STRUCTURES OF SCLERENCHYMA TISSUES.
- Consist of dead cells when they are matured
- Their cell walls are the thickest among the three ground tissues
STATE THE FUNCTION OF SCLERENCHYMA TISSUES.
- Provide support and mechanical strength to the parts of matured plants.
- Helps in transport of water and nutrients in plants
VASCULAR TISSUES CONSIST OF XYLEM AND PHLOEM.COMPARE THE STRUCTURE OF XYLEM AND THE STRUCTURE OF PHLOEM.
XYLEM:
•made up of dead cells without cytoplasm
•cell wall of xylem contains Lignin
•Consists of xylem vessels that are elongated,hollow and connected to each other from its roots to the leaves
PHLOEM:
•made of companion cells and sieve tubes
•made of living cells (sieve tubes) with presence of cytoplasm
-Sieve tubes arranged from end to end forming elongated and continous tube structures
COMPARE THE FUNCTION OF XYKEM AND PHLOEM.
- Xylem transport water and mineral salt to all parts of plants
- Phloem transport sugars produced from the photosynthesis from leaves to storage organs
THE SIEVE TUBES OF PHLOEM DO NOT HAVE ________ SUCH AS _______ AND_________ AS THEY ________ AT MATURITY STAGE. FILL IN THE BLANK.
- Organelles
- nucleus
- ribosome
- decompose
HOW IS THE STRUCTURE OF CYLEM ADAPTED TO ITS FUNCTION?
-Xylem consists of xylem vessels that are elongated, hollow and connected to each other from its roots to the leaves
THERE ARE UNDIFFERENTIATED LIVING TISSUES IN PLANTS WHICH ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR PLANT GROWTH.THESE TISSUES ARE KNOWN AS ________________.
-meristematic tissues
MERISTEMATIC TISSUES ARE ACTIVELY DIVIDING BY____________.
Mitosis
WHERE IS THE APICAL MERISTEM TISSUES LOCATED AT?
-the tips of plant shoots and roots
LATERAL MERISTEMS CONSIST OF______ AND _________.
- Vascular cambium
- Cork cambium
WHAT ARE THE THREE ZONES OF CELL GROWTH?
- Cell division
- cell elongation
- cell differentiation
THE GROWTH THAT HAPPENS IN THESE ZONES IS THE _________ FOR PLANTS.
Primary growth
WHERE DOES THE CELL DIVISION STARTED?
At the apical meristems which consist of actively dividing meristem cells through mitosis
IN THE ZONE OF CELL DIVISION, THE INCREASE OF THE NUMBER OF CELLS CAUSES______________.
The elongation of plant stem
STILL BASED ON CELL DIVISION, WHEN NEW CELLS ARE FORMING, THE CELLS FORMED PREVIOUSLY ARE _________.
pushed to zone of cell elongation
THE ZONE OF CELL ELONGATION CONSISTS OF____________.
Cells that are increasing in size
HOW DOES THE INCREASE IN SIZE HAPPENS? (CELL ELONGATION)
-Through water diffusion by osmosis and absorption of nutrients into the cells and stored in the vacuoles
DEFINE VACUOLATION.
Process where small vacuoles fuse to form a large vacuole.
AT THE ZONE OF CELL ELONGATION, THE DIFFUSED WATER EXERTS____________ AGAINST THE CELL WALL WHICH __________
- pressure
* pushes, elongates and widens the cell
THE ZONE OF CELL DIFFERENTIATION CONSISTS OF DIFFERENTIATING CELLS THAT DIFFERENTIATE ONCE THEY HAVE REACHED THEIR ___________
Maximum size
CELLS DIFFERENTIATE TO FORM________
Permanent tissues such as epidermis, cortex, xylem and phloem.
AT ZONE OF DIFFERENTIATION, THE CELLS CHANGE THEIR ________ AND ________TO BECOME SPECIALISED CELLS WITH SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS
FOR EXAMPLE: epidermal cells differentiate—->guard cells that control opening and closing of stoma.
- shape
- structures
Epidermal cells in roots differentiate——->Root Hair Cells
NAME TWO TYPES OF GROWTH IN PLANTS.
PRIMARY GROWTH AND SECONDARY GEOWTH.
