C1 Oil, alkanes and fuels

Question 1

What is crude oil?

Answer 1

Mixture of hydrocarbons

Question 2

What is a mixture?

Answer 2

2 or more substances mixed but not chemically bonded together

Question 3

What is the general formula for alkanes?

Answer 3

C_nH_2n+2

Question 4

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 4

Compound made from only carbon and hydrogen

Question 5

Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated?

Answer 5

Saturated

Question 6

Draw a methane molecule.

Answer 6

Question 7

Draw an ethane molecule.

Answer 7

Question 8

Give the formula for a propane molecule.

Answer 8

C₃H₈

Question 9

Name C₄H_10.

Answer 9

Butane

Question 10

What does the line in between C-C in a molecule show?

Answer 10

Covalent bond, a shared pair of electrons

Question 11

What method is used to separate crude oil?

Answer 11

Fractional distillation

Question 12

Describe how fractional distillation works?

Answer 12

Crude oil is heated to evaporate and then the different fractions are condensed because of their different boiling points

Question 13

As the number of carbons increase in an alkane what happens to the boiling point?

Answer 13

It increases

Question 14

As the number of carbons increase in an alkane what happens to the viscosity?

Answer 14

It increases, gets more sticky

Question 15

As the number of carbons increase in an alkane what happens to the flammability?

Answer 15

Gets less flammable

Question 16

As the temperature of oil increases what happens to the viscosity?

Answer 16

Gets less viscous, more runny

Question 17

What are the products of complete combustion of hydrocarbons?

Answer 17

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 18

What are the products of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons?

Answer 18

Carbon monoxide and carbon (soot)

Question 19

If crude oil contains some sulfur what combustion product will be made?

Answer 19

Sulfur dioxide

Question 20

In combustion are carbon and hydrocarbon oxidised or reduced?

Answer 20

Oxidised as oxygen is added

Question 21

High temperatures may cause oxides of nitrogen what type of pollution is caused by the oxides of nitrogen and sulfur dioxide?

Answer 21

Acid rain

Question 22

What effect does this pollution have on the environment?

Answer 22

Weathering of rocks and buildings, and changes acidity of the soil

Question 23

Carbon dioxide causes what type of pollution?

Answer 23

Global warming

Question 24

Solid particles (soot or unburnt fuel) causes what type of pollution?

Answer 24

Global dimming

Question 25

Give 2 ways sulfur dioxide can be reduced?

Answer 25

Removing sulfur before burning of the fuel and removal of sulfur dioxide after burning

Question 26

What are biodiesel and bioethanol made from?

Answer 26

Plants

Question 27

Give two advantages and disadvantages of using hydrogen as an alternative fuel.

Answer 27

Made from water and renewable Storing is expensive and flammable

Question 28

Give two advantages and disadvantages of using bioethanol as an alternative fuel.

Answer 28

Renewable and doesn’t produce toxic fumes Need to have the climate to grow sugar cane and it uses lot of fields that could be used for food

Question 29

Why is bioethanol described as carbon neutral?

Answer 29

The carbon dioxide given out when burnt is the carbon dioxide taken in during photosynthesis of the plants

Question 30

What are products of combustion hydrogen?

Answer 30

Water