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Sociology > C1: Introduction to Sociology > Flashcards

C1: Introduction to Sociology Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Sociology

A

A social science that examines the human and social world

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2
Q

Society

A

A group of people who form patterns to separate themselves from other groups

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3
Q

Sociological perspective

A

Viewing the world through a sociological lens

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4
Q

Practical Knowledge

A

Observing patterns in a practical way

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5
Q

Scientific knowledge

A

Studying patterns logically using data

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6
Q

Beginner’s mind

A

Blank, unprejudiced mind that yearns to understand

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7
Q

Culture shock

A

Sense of unease that occurs when experiencing a new social or cultural environment

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8
Q

Sociological imagination

A

Mindset that allows for the understanding of the relationship between the individual and the larger world

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9
Q

Microsociology

A

Studies how small group interactions affect the larger society

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10
Q

Macrosociology

A

studies how large-scale structures affect smaller groups

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11
Q

Theory

A

proposition that explains the social world and makes predictions about the future

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12
Q

Auguste Comte (1798 - 1857)

A

Founder of sociology
created Positivism

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13
Q

Positivism

A

Sense perceptions are the only valid source of knowledge

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14
Q

Harriet Martineau (1802 - 1876)

A

Naturalistic sociologist
Translated Comte’s “Introduction to Positive philosophy” into English

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15
Q

Herbert Spencer (1820 - 1903)

A

Sociobiologist
Follower of Darwinism
Coined the term “survival of the fittest”
Social Darwinism: adds principles to society

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16
Q

Emile Durkheim (1858-1917)

A

Structural functionalist
Dysfunction: suffering of one or more structures in society (necessary for change)
Solidarity
Anomie
Religion

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17
Q

Structural functionalism

A

Society is comprised of separate structures that function together

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18
Q

Solidarity

A

Unity within a society

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19
Q

Mechanical solidarity

A

Social bonds are created in a close circle, such as family
Found in agrarian, premodern society

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20
Q

Organic solidarity

A

Social bonds are formed by performing common tasks and interdependence
Found in modern society

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21
Q

Anomie

A

Sense of disconnection or alienation from society

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22
Q

Sacred religion

A

Holy, supernatural, divine

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23
Q

Profane religion

A

Ordinary, basic, everyday

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24
Q

Talcott Parsons (1902 - 1979)

A

Structural functionalist
Follower of Durkheim
Applied SFunc to modern society
Adopted success, education, and social cohesion into SF

25
Q

Robert Merton (1910 - 2003)

A

Structural Functionalist
Manifest / Latent functions

26
Q

Manifest function

A

Primary function of a social structure
Ex: car transports

27
Q

Latent function

A

Less noticeable function of a social structure
Ex: Car causes accidents and death

28
Q

Karl Marx (1818 - 1883)

A

Conflict theorist
Lowkey communist
Class struggle and growing wealth gap
Critical theory

29
Q

Conflict theory

A

Conflict is both the basis of society and necessary to enact social change

30
Q

Capitalism

A

Economic system based on for-profit operation of industries
Opp of Marx’s ideals

31
Q

Means of production

A

Any structure that can create wealth

32
Q

Bourgeoisie

A

Owners of means of productions
Wealthy upper class

33
Q

Proletarieat

A

Working class who sells labor to Bour.

34
Q

Alienation

A

Dissatisfaction workers feel while producing products others profit from

35
Q

False consciousness

A

Denial of oppression being embedded in the system

36
Q

Class consciousness

A

Recognition of oppression that leads to revolts

37
Q

Critical theory

A

Contemporary form of Conflict theory that criticizes domination and oppression

38
Q

Praxis

A

Application of a theory to practical action in order to improve society

39
Q

Max Weber (1864 - 1920)

A

Critical theorist
Wealth, status, and prestige
Rationalization
Bureaucracy
Iron cage of Bureaucracy

40
Q

Rationalization

A

Application of economic logic to human activities

41
Q

Bureaucracy

A

New social class containing specialists
Goal oriented, rule-governed

42
Q

Iron cage of Bureaucracy

A

Getting caught in Bureaucratic structures and rules that control life

43
Q

George Herbert Mead (1863 - 1931)

A

Symbolic Interactionist
Pragmatism
Cognitive dissonance

44
Q

Symbolic interactionism

A

Interaction and meaning are central to society
Micro sociological perspective

45
Q

Pragmatism

A

Organisms practically adapt to changing environments

46
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

Conflicting thoughts and actions

47
Q

Herbert Blumer (1900 - 1987)

A

Symbolic interactionist
Coined the name SI

48
Q

W.E.B Du Bois (1868 - 1963)

A

Focused on race and inequality
First African American to graduate from Harvard
Founding member of NAACP

49
Q

Jane Addams (1860 - 1935)

A

Applied sociologist
Founded Hull House – gave basic livings needs to single mothers, immigrants, and the poor
Founder of social work

50
Q

Erving Goffman (1922 - 1982)

A

Symbolic Interactionist
The self is “on loan” to us from society
Dramaturgy

51
Q

Dramaturgy

A

Social life is like a theater performance

52
Q

Harold Garfinkel

A

Ethnomethodologist
Conversation analysis

53
Q

Ethnomethodology

A

Study of folk methods
Shared sense of reality during interactions

54
Q

Conversation analysis

A

Creating meaning during natural conversations

55
Q

Postmodern theory

A

Social reality is diverse, pluralistic, and constantly in flux
Created as a reaction to modernism

56
Q

Modernism

A

Opposite of Postmodern theory
Trusting the power of science to enact progress and improve life

57
Q

Midrange theory

A

Integrates empiricism and grand theory

58
Q

Grand theory

A

Popular sweeping statements made by renowned theorists

Sociology (1 decks)

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