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Chemistry C1 > C1- Fundamental Ideas > Flashcards

C1- Fundamental Ideas Flashcards

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0
Q

What is one oxygen atom + two hydrogen atoms?

A

Water

H2O

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1
Q

What is one carbon atom + one oxygen atom?

A

CO

Carbon Monoxide

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2
Q

What is one Nitrogen atom + three hydrogen atoms?

A

NH3

Ammonia

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3
Q

Sodium reacts with water to produce hydrogen gas and a solution of sodium hydroxide.

Word equation for this reaction?

A

Sodium + Water

Sodium hydroxide + Hydrogen

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4
Q

What is oxidation?

A

The process or result of oxidising or being oxidised

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5
Q

Balance:

          H2 + O2 --> H2O
A

2H2 + O2 –> 2H2O

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6
Q

In which state of matter do the particles have the most energy

A

In a gas.

Particles are moving very quickly, so they have a lot of energy.

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7
Q

Why can liquids not be compressed easily?

A

Because the particles in a liquid are closely packed and have no space to move in to.

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8
Q

Why do solids have a fixed shape?

A

Because the particles in a solid are fixed in place in a regular arrangement, solids have a fixed shape

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9
Q

What eventually happens to a gas if its pressure is increased?

A

A gas will condense under sufficiently high pressure.

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10
Q

What is sublimation?

A

When a solid turns into a gas

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11
Q

Metals appear in a ____________ structure

A

Regular

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12
Q

Properties of metals

A
  • Solid (except mercury)

* Conductors of electricity

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13
Q

Why are graphite & metals good conductors of heat & electricity?

A

Because they have free electrons

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14
Q

Metal oxides and metal hydroxides are _______?

A

Bases

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15
Q

Electrolysis is …?

A

Breaking down of a compound to form elements using an electric current.

16
Q

Positively charged ions move to the _______ electrode. The _______ electrons and are _______.

A

Negative

Gain

Reduced

17
Q

If the metal is more reactive than hydrogen, __________ ___________ is formed at the electrode instead of the metal.

A

Hydrogen gas

18
Q

Negatively charged ions (non metal ions) move to the __________ electrode. They ______ ________ and are oxidised.

A

Positive

Lose electrons

19
Q

Reactions happen when…?

A

Particles collide with enough energy, called the activation energy.

20
Q

Reactions go faster if you increase the:

A
  • Temperature
  • Concentration of the reactant
  • Pressure of a reacting gas or surface area of a reacting solid.
21
Q

What does a catalyst do?

A

Increases the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy in one of three ways: (Temp, Concentration, Surface area/gas pressure)

22
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons. They have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

23
Q

Giant molecules consist of very many ___________ joined together by ___________ bonds to form a giant structure.

A

Atoms

Covalent

(Eg. Diamond, graphite)

24
Q

Substances consisting of giant molecules have ______ ______ points and _______ ________ points

A
  • Melting points

* Boiling points

25
Q

A _______ bond is a bond between two ________

A

Covalent

Atoms

26
Q

Simple molecules have ____ ______ and _______ points

A

Low melting and boiling points

27
Q

Formula of Ca2+, O2- ?

A

CaO

28
Q

What does an acid react with to form a salt?

A

A base

29
Q

What do we call atoms that have lost or gained electrons to form changed particles?

A

Ions

30
Q

What is the process of breaking down ionic substances using an electric current?

A

Electrolysis

31
Q

What sort of ions do alkalis release in solutions?

A

Hydroxide

32
Q

Which sort of reaction is useful for removing unwanted ions from a solution?

A

Precipitation

33
Q

Low melting and boiling points are characteristics of what?

A

Simple molecules

34
Q

Full chemical symbol of an atom shows it’s mass number and its…

A

Atomic number

35
Q

What are the regular structures of ionic compounds called?

A

Giant ionic lattices

36
Q

Work out the Mr of H2O when Ar(O)= 16 and Ar(H)=1

A

18

*16+1+1

Chemistry C1 (1 decks)

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