C1- Fundamental Ideas Flashcards
What is one oxygen atom + two hydrogen atoms?
Water
H2O
What is one carbon atom + one oxygen atom?
CO
Carbon Monoxide
What is one Nitrogen atom + three hydrogen atoms?
NH3
Ammonia
Sodium reacts with water to produce hydrogen gas and a solution of sodium hydroxide.
Word equation for this reaction?
Sodium + Water
Sodium hydroxide + Hydrogen
What is oxidation?
The process or result of oxidising or being oxidised
Balance:
H2 + O2 --> H2O
2H2 + O2 –> 2H2O
In which state of matter do the particles have the most energy
In a gas.
Particles are moving very quickly, so they have a lot of energy.
Why can liquids not be compressed easily?
Because the particles in a liquid are closely packed and have no space to move in to.
Why do solids have a fixed shape?
Because the particles in a solid are fixed in place in a regular arrangement, solids have a fixed shape
What eventually happens to a gas if its pressure is increased?
A gas will condense under sufficiently high pressure.
What is sublimation?
When a solid turns into a gas
Metals appear in a ____________ structure
Regular
Properties of metals
- Solid (except mercury)
* Conductors of electricity
Why are graphite & metals good conductors of heat & electricity?
Because they have free electrons
Metal oxides and metal hydroxides are _______?
Bases
Electrolysis is …?
Breaking down of a compound to form elements using an electric current.
Positively charged ions move to the _______ electrode. The _______ electrons and are _______.
Negative
Gain
Reduced
If the metal is more reactive than hydrogen, __________ ___________ is formed at the electrode instead of the metal.
Hydrogen gas
Negatively charged ions (non metal ions) move to the __________ electrode. They ______ ________ and are oxidised.
Positive
Lose electrons
Reactions happen when…?
Particles collide with enough energy, called the activation energy.
Reactions go faster if you increase the:
- Temperature
- Concentration of the reactant
- Pressure of a reacting gas or surface area of a reacting solid.
What does a catalyst do?
Increases the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy in one of three ways: (Temp, Concentration, Surface area/gas pressure)
What is an isotope?
Atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons. They have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
Giant molecules consist of very many ___________ joined together by ___________ bonds to form a giant structure.
Atoms
Covalent
(Eg. Diamond, graphite)
