C1 Cracking, polymers and ethanol

Question 1

What process is used to break larger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller one?

Answer 1

Cracking

Question 2

Describe this process.

Answer 2

Vaporise the hydrocarbon and pass over a hot aluminium oxide catalyst

Question 3

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 3

Compound made from only carbon and hydrogen

Question 4

What are the products of cracking?

Answer 4

Smaller alkanes and alkenes

Question 5

What is a catalyst?

Answer 5

Something that speeds up a reaction without being used up

Question 6

Give 3 uses of the products of alkenes.

Answer 6

Fuels, plastics, ethanol

Question 7

Give the general formula of alkenes.

Answer 7

C_nH_2n

Question 8

Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated?

Answer 8

Unsaturated

Question 9

How can you test for unsaturation?

Answer 9

Bromine water is decolourised

Question 10

What special feature does an alkene contain?

Answer 10

Double bond

Question 11

What do you see if bromine is added to ethene?

Answer 11

Goes from orange to colourless

Question 12

What is a monomer?

Answer 12

An alkene

Question 13

What is a polymer?

Answer 13

Many monomers joined together

Question 14

Give the reaction for the polymerisation of ethene?

Answer 14

Question 15

Name the product for the polymerisation of ethene?

Answer 15

Polyethene

Question 16

Give the reaction for the polymerisation of propene?

Answer 16

Question 17

What feature do polymers not have that the monomers do?

Answer 17

Double bonds

Question 18

Polymers have many new uses, give 2 examples.

Answer 18

Hydrogels in nappies and waterproof coating like Gore-tex

Question 19

Many polymers are not biodegradable, what does this mean?

Answer 19

Don’t break down

Question 20

Give 2 problems with polymers not being biodegradable.

Answer 20

Fill up landfill sites and produce litter

Question 21

Some plastic bags are made from cornstarch polymer why is this useful?

Answer 21

Renewable and biodegradable

Question 22

List 3 ways in which polymers are disposed of.

Answer 22

Incineration, landfill and recycle

Question 23

Give an advantage and disadvantage for incinerating polymers.

Answer 23

Give out energy

Give out carbon dioxide which leads to global warming

Question 24

Give an advantage and disadvantage for putting polymers in landfills.

Answer 24

Easy

Don’t biodegrade so they get filled up

Question 25

Give 3 advantages of recycling polymers.

Answer 25

Less waste in landfills

Not wasting a non-renewable resource

Less pollution produced and energy used

Question 26

Give 2 disadvantages of recycling polymers.

Answer 26

Collecting and sorting

Transportation

Question 27

Give a word equation for the production of ethanol through fermentation.

Answer 27

Glucose + water → ethanol

Question 28

Describe the process of fermentation.

Answer 28

Add sugar and yeast to warm water in the absence of oxygen

Question 29

Describe another method of making ethanol

Answer 29

Reacts ethene with steam

Question 30

Give a symbol equation for the reaction of ethene and steam.

Answer 30

C₂H₄ + H₂O → C₂H₅OH

Question 31

If ethanol is combusted what are the products?

Answer 31

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 32

How much ethanol is produced in fermentation?

Answer 32

Less than 15%

Question 33

Which process of making ethanol is continuous?

Answer 33

Ethene method

Question 34

Which process of making ethanol uses non-renewable raw materials

Answer 34

Ethene method

Question 35

Which process of making ethanol is completed in batches?

Answer 35

Fermentation method

Question 36

Which process produces pure ethanol?

Answer 36

Ethene method

Question 37

Give advantages and disadvantages for the fermentation method

Answer 37

cheap raw material

Renewable plant material

Low temperature

batch method so slow

Impure ethanol

Question 38

Give advantages and disadvantages for the ethene method

Answer 38

pure ethanol

fast

uses non-renewable fossil fuels

high energy costs