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GCSE Chemistry C1-C6 > C1-Carbon Chemisty > Flashcards

C1-Carbon Chemisty Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the difficulties associated with the finite nature of crude oil?

A

Finding replacements

All the readily extractable resources will be used up in the future

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2
Q

List the order of the fractional distillation column from the lowest boiling point to the highest ?

A

LPG,Petrol,Paraffin,Diesel,Heating oil,fuel oils,Bitumen

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3
Q

Why can crude oil be separated?

A

Because the hydrocarbons in different fraction have differently sized molecules

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4
Q

how can unstable countries cause problems for UK citizens regarding oil

A

oil-producing countries can raise their prices and cause problems for non-oil prodcuing countries

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5
Q

what fraction is used to make medicines

A

naphtha

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6
Q

what is the process of cracking

A

cracking turns large alkane molecules into smaller alkene molecules

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7
Q

why are alkene molecules used to make polymers

A

because they have a double bond

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8
Q

why does craking help oil manufactures

A

cracking helps oil manufactures meet demand with products like petrol

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9
Q

why are goverments concerned about the amount of fossil fuels being burned

A

increasing carbon dioxide emissions

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10
Q

burning a hydrocarbon in plenty of air produces?

A

carbon dioxide and water

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11
Q

define complete combustion

A

Complete combustion occurs when a fuel burns in plenty of oxegen

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12
Q

Does incomplete combustion or complete comvbustion prodcue more enrgy

A

Complete combustion

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13
Q

what two things are made during incomplete combustion

A

toxic gas (carbon monoxide) and soot (carbon)

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14
Q

what are the word equations for incomplete combustion are;

A

fuel+oxegen->carbon monoxide +water
OR
fuel +oxegen->carbon +water

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15
Q

what is the balanced symbol equation for complete combustion

A

CH,4+2O,2->CO,2+2H,2O

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16
Q

what is the balanced symbol equation for incomplete combustion

A

2CH,4+3O,2->2CO+4H,2O

OR

CH,4+O,2->C+2H,2O

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17
Q

what is the percentages of clean air

A

78%nitrogen,21%oxygen,and of the remaining 1% 0.035 is carbon dioxide

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18
Q

why do the percentages of clean air change very little

A

becasue there is a balence between the processes that use them up and make both carbon dioxide and oxzegen

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19
Q

what 2 things have made the percentage of carbon dioxide increase

A
  • deforestation as more forests are cut down , less photosynthesis takes place
  • increased population the worlds energy requirements increse
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20
Q

what is one theory for how oceans formed and how the current percentages of the atmosphere came about

A

The atmosphere was originally rich in water vapour and carbon dioxide nitorgen slowly increased \nd being unreactive little was ever removed

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21
Q

sulfur dioxide is a pollutant that causes difficulty for people with ?

A

asthma

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22
Q

Sulfur dioxide can also form ?

A

acid rain that damages wildllife and buildings made form limestone

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23
Q

A catalytic converter changes carbon monoxide to

A

Carbon dioxide

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24
Q

inside a catalylic converter a reaction between ……………………………. takes place

A

nitric oxide and carbon monoxide

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25
Q

inside a catalylic converter a reaction between ……………………………. takes place the two gases formed are natural components of air

A

nitorgen and carbon dioxide

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26
Q

The symbol equation for a catalyst cnverter

A

2CO+2NO->N^2+2CO^2

27
Q

A hydrocarbon is

A

A compound that only contains hydrogen and carbon atoms

28
Q

Alkenes have

A

SINGLE COVALENT BONDS ONLY

29
Q

Akanes have

A

DOUBLE COVALENT BONDS BETWEEN CARBON ATOMS

30
Q

How would you test for a alkene

A

Bromine water(it would go colourless)

31
Q

bromine + alkene

A

A dibromo compound which is couroless

32
Q

saturated compound means

A

Single bonds between carbon atoms NO DOUBLE BOND BETWEEN CARBON ATOMS

33
Q

An unsaturated compound

A

At least one double bond between carbon atoms

34
Q

Additional polymerisation is the process where

A

many alkene monomers react atto give a polymer (this needs high temperature and a catalyst

35
Q

Additional polymerisation involes the reaction of many

A

unsaturated monomer molecules

36
Q

PTFE stands for?

A

Polytetrafluroethene / Polyurethane membrane

37
Q

PTFE is too …….. and so has to laminated onto ……..

A

fragile , nylon

38
Q

atoms in polymers are held together by strong

A

covalent bonds

39
Q

Plastics that have ……..intermolecular forces between polymer molecules have low melting points

A

weak

40
Q

Plastics that have ……..intermolecular forces between polymer molecules have high melting points

A

strong

41
Q

molecules in eggs and meat permanently change shape when eggs and meat are cooked

A

protein

42
Q

Denaturing is

A

when a protein is cooked

43
Q

the texture of the egg or meat changes texture when

A

cooked becaues theychage permantly

44
Q

Potatoe is a ……………………..

A

carbohydrate which is easier to digest becasue the cells of th potatoe rupture

45
Q

Baking powder is

A

Sodium hydrogen carbonate

46
Q

when its heats up it ………………………… to giver carbon dioxide

A

breaks down

47
Q

the word equation for decompostion of of sodium hydrogen carbonate is

A

Sodium hydrogen carbonate->sodium carbonate+carbon dioxide+water

48
Q

The head is (emulsifiers)

A

water loving

49
Q

The tail is (emulsifiers)

A

water hating

50
Q

………… react with………….. to make an ester and water

A

Alchols and acids

51
Q

ester are used to make ………….

A

perfums

52
Q

A Perfume must have the following properties

A 
Evaporate easilly 
Non toxic
not react with water
not irritate skin 
Insoluble to waster
53
Q

A solution is

A

mixture of a solvent and solute

54
Q

The volatility or ease of evaporation can be explained in terms of

A

Kinetic energy

55
Q

In order to evaporate

A

particles need sufficient kinetic energy

56
Q

paint is a ……… where the particles are mixed and dispersed with particles of a liquid but are not …………

A

colloid,dissolved

57
Q

Most paints dry because

A

they are applied in thin layers and the solvents evaporates

58
Q

emullsions are …………. paints that dry when the ……………

A

water, solvent evaporates

59
Q

oil paints dry because

A
  • the solvent evaporates

- the oil is oxidised by the atmospheric oxygen

60
Q

Thermochemical pigments change………. at different temperature

A

Colour

61
Q

Thermochemical pigments are used in

A

kettles
mugs
babies spoons
thermomters

62
Q

Phosphorescent pigments

A

glow in the dark

63
Q

How do Phosphorescent pigments glow in the dark

A

absorb and store energy then they release the energy as alight over a period of time

GCSE Chemistry C1-C6 (3 decks)

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