C1-Carbon Chemisty Flashcards
What are the difficulties associated with the finite nature of crude oil?
Finding replacements
All the readily extractable resources will be used up in the future
List the order of the fractional distillation column from the lowest boiling point to the highest ?
LPG,Petrol,Paraffin,Diesel,Heating oil,fuel oils,Bitumen
Why can crude oil be separated?
Because the hydrocarbons in different fraction have differently sized molecules
how can unstable countries cause problems for UK citizens regarding oil
oil-producing countries can raise their prices and cause problems for non-oil prodcuing countries
what fraction is used to make medicines
naphtha
what is the process of cracking
cracking turns large alkane molecules into smaller alkene molecules
why are alkene molecules used to make polymers
because they have a double bond
why does craking help oil manufactures
cracking helps oil manufactures meet demand with products like petrol
why are goverments concerned about the amount of fossil fuels being burned
increasing carbon dioxide emissions
burning a hydrocarbon in plenty of air produces?
carbon dioxide and water
define complete combustion
Complete combustion occurs when a fuel burns in plenty of oxegen
Does incomplete combustion or complete comvbustion prodcue more enrgy
Complete combustion
what two things are made during incomplete combustion
toxic gas (carbon monoxide) and soot (carbon)
what are the word equations for incomplete combustion are;
fuel+oxegen->carbon monoxide +water
OR
fuel +oxegen->carbon +water
what is the balanced symbol equation for complete combustion
CH,4+2O,2->CO,2+2H,2O
what is the balanced symbol equation for incomplete combustion
2CH,4+3O,2->2CO+4H,2O
OR
CH,4+O,2->C+2H,2O
what is the percentages of clean air
78%nitrogen,21%oxygen,and of the remaining 1% 0.035 is carbon dioxide
why do the percentages of clean air change very little
becasue there is a balence between the processes that use them up and make both carbon dioxide and oxzegen
what 2 things have made the percentage of carbon dioxide increase
- deforestation as more forests are cut down , less photosynthesis takes place
- increased population the worlds energy requirements increse
what is one theory for how oceans formed and how the current percentages of the atmosphere came about
The atmosphere was originally rich in water vapour and carbon dioxide nitorgen slowly increased \nd being unreactive little was ever removed
sulfur dioxide is a pollutant that causes difficulty for people with ?
asthma
Sulfur dioxide can also form ?
acid rain that damages wildllife and buildings made form limestone
A catalytic converter changes carbon monoxide to
Carbon dioxide
inside a catalylic converter a reaction between ……………………………. takes place
nitric oxide and carbon monoxide
inside a catalylic converter a reaction between ……………………………. takes place the two gases formed are natural components of air
nitorgen and carbon dioxide
The symbol equation for a catalyst cnverter
2CO+2NO->N^2+2CO^2
A hydrocarbon is
A compound that only contains hydrogen and carbon atoms
Alkenes have
SINGLE COVALENT BONDS ONLY
Akanes have
DOUBLE COVALENT BONDS BETWEEN CARBON ATOMS
How would you test for a alkene
Bromine water(it would go colourless)
bromine + alkene
A dibromo compound which is couroless
saturated compound means
Single bonds between carbon atoms NO DOUBLE BOND BETWEEN CARBON ATOMS
An unsaturated compound
At least one double bond between carbon atoms
Additional polymerisation is the process where
many alkene monomers react atto give a polymer (this needs high temperature and a catalyst
Additional polymerisation involes the reaction of many
unsaturated monomer molecules
PTFE stands for?
Polytetrafluroethene / Polyurethane membrane
PTFE is too …….. and so has to laminated onto ……..
fragile , nylon
atoms in polymers are held together by strong
covalent bonds
Plastics that have ……..intermolecular forces between polymer molecules have low melting points
weak
Plastics that have ……..intermolecular forces between polymer molecules have high melting points
strong
molecules in eggs and meat permanently change shape when eggs and meat are cooked
protein
Denaturing is
when a protein is cooked
the texture of the egg or meat changes texture when
cooked becaues theychage permantly
Potatoe is a ……………………..
carbohydrate which is easier to digest becasue the cells of th potatoe rupture
Baking powder is
Sodium hydrogen carbonate
when its heats up it ………………………… to giver carbon dioxide
breaks down
the word equation for decompostion of of sodium hydrogen carbonate is
Sodium hydrogen carbonate->sodium carbonate+carbon dioxide+water
The head is (emulsifiers)
water loving
The tail is (emulsifiers)
water hating
………… react with………….. to make an ester and water
Alchols and acids
ester are used to make ………….
perfums
A Perfume must have the following properties
Evaporate easilly Non toxic not react with water not irritate skin Insoluble to waster
A solution is
mixture of a solvent and solute
The volatility or ease of evaporation can be explained in terms of
Kinetic energy
In order to evaporate
particles need sufficient kinetic energy
paint is a ……… where the particles are mixed and dispersed with particles of a liquid but are not …………
colloid,dissolved
Most paints dry because
they are applied in thin layers and the solvents evaporates
emullsions are …………. paints that dry when the ……………
water, solvent evaporates
oil paints dry because
- the solvent evaporates
- the oil is oxidised by the atmospheric oxygen
Thermochemical pigments change………. at different temperature
Colour
Thermochemical pigments are used in
kettles
mugs
babies spoons
thermomters
Phosphorescent pigments
glow in the dark
How do Phosphorescent pigments glow in the dark
absorb and store energy then they release the energy as alight over a period of time
