C1 - Carbon Chemistry Flashcards
Why are additives used?
To improve flavour, colour, or to make them last longer.
What do oil and water mixed together make?
An emulsion.
Emulsions are made up of what?
Droplets of one liquid suspended in another.
What do emulsifiers do?
Help stop two liquids from separating out.
What foods contain emulsifiers?
Mayonnaise, low-fat spread, and ice cream.
What are emulsifiers molecules like?
One part is attracted to water (hydrophilic) and another part is attracted to oil (hydrophobic) or fat.
What does the hydrophilic end of the emulsifiers molecule bond to?
Water molecules.
What does the hydrophobic end of the emulsifier molecule bond to?
Oil molecules.
How can you make an ester?
By heating carboxylic acid with an alcohol.
What properties are needed for a perfume?
Easily evaporates, non-toxic, doesn’t react with water, doesn’t irritate skin, and is insoluble in water.
What are plastics?
Long-chain molecules called polymers.
How are polymers formed?
Polymers are formed when lots of small molecules called monomers join together.
What are emulsifiers?
Additives.
