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Chemistry (C1, C2, C3) > C1 - Carbon Chemistry > Flashcards

C1 - Carbon Chemistry Flashcards

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0
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A compound that is made up of hydrogen and carbon molecules only.

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1
Q

Why are fossil fuels finite resources?

A

They are no longer being made, or are being made extremely slowly.

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2
Q

Why is bitumen at the bottom of a fractional distillation column?

A

It has a very high boiling point and therefore sinks to the bottom of the column.

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3
Q

Why can crude oil be separated?

A

Because the hydrocarbons in different fractions have differently sized molecules.

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4
Q

What is cracking?

A

The process of turning large alkane molecules into smaller alkane and alkene molecules.

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5
Q

What is an alkane molecule?

A

A hydrocarbon with a single covalent bond.

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6
Q

What is an alkene molecule?

A

A hydrocarbon with a double covalent bond.

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7
Q

What are alkenes useful for?

A

Making polymers.

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8
Q

What is the word equation for complete combustion?

A

Methane + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water

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9
Q

What is the symbol equation for complete combustion?

A

CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O

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10
Q

What is the word equation for incomplete combustion?

A

Fuel + Oxygen -> Carbon Monoxide + Water

Or

Fuel + Oxygen -> Carbon + Water

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11
Q

What is the symbol equation for incomplete combustion?

A

2CH4 + 3O2 -> 2CO + 4H2O

Or

CH4 + O2 -> C + 2H2O

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12
Q

What is in clean air?

A

78% Nitrogen
21% Oxygen
0.035% Carbon Dioxide

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13
Q

What is degassing?

A

The process of gases coming from the centre of the Earth through volcanoes.

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14
Q

What is the symbol equation for the reaction that occurs in a catalytic converter?

A

2CO + 2NO -> N2 + 2CO2

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15
Q

What happens when bromine and an alkene are mixed?

A

The bromine decolourises and a dibromo compound is formed by an addition reaction.

16
Q

What is a saturated compound?

A

A compound that only has single covalent bonds between carbon atoms.

17
Q

What is an unsaturated compound?

A

A compound with at least one double covalent bond between carbon atoms.

18
Q

What is addition polymerisation?

A

The process in which many alkene monomers react to give a polymer.

19
Q

What conditions does addition polymerisation require?

A

High pressure and a catalyst.

20
Q

Why is GORE-TEX® waterproof but breathable?

A

The holes in the PTFE are too small for water to pass though but big enough for water vapour to pass through.

21
Q

What are the properties of stretchy plastics?

A

Plastics that have weak intermolecular forces between polymers have low melting points and can be stretched easily as molecules can slide over eachother.

22
Q

What are the properties of rigid plastics?

A

Plastics that have strong forces between polymers have high melting points, cannot stretch and are rigid.

23
Q

What is denaturing?

A

The changing of shape in a molecule.

24
Q

How do emulsifiers work?

A

They have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail which stop oil and water from separating.

25
Q

What is the word equation for the decomposition of sodium hydrogen carbonate?

A

Sodium Hydrogencarbonate -> Sodium Carbonate + Carbon Dioxide + Water

26
Q

What is the symbol equation for the decomposition of sodium hydrogencarbonate?

A

2NaHCO3 -> Na2CO3 + CO2 + H20

27
Q

What is the word equation for making an ester?

A

Alcohol + Acid -> Ester + Water

28
Q

What are key properties for a perfume?

A
  • Evaporate easily
  • Non-toxic
  • Non-reactant with water
  • Not irritate skin
  • Insoluble in water
29
Q

What is a solution?

A

A mixture of a solvent and solute that does not separate out.

30
Q

What is a colloid?

A

Where the particles are mixed and dispersed with particles of a liquid but are not dissolved.

31
Q

How do most paints dry?

A

The solvent evaporates.

32
Q

How do oil paints dry?

A

The solvent evaporates and the oil is oxidised.

33
Q

What are thermochromic pigments?

A

Pigments that change colour at different temperatures.

34
Q

How do phosphorescent pigments work?

A

They absorb and store energy, and ten release the energy as light over a period of time.

Chemistry (C1, C2, C3) (1 decks)

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