C1 Atoms, periodic table and chemical reactions Flashcards
What is an element?
A substance that contains only one type of atom
What substances are found in the periodic table?
Elements
Where are the metals found in the periodic table?
Left hand side
What is the symbol for oxygen?
O
What is the symbol for sodium?
Na
Where are substances found with similar properties?
In the same group
What subatomic particles are in the nucleus in an atom?
Protons and neutrons
What subatomic particle goes around the nucleus in an atom?
Electrons
What is the charge on a proton?
+1
What is the charge on a neutron?
0
What is the charge on an electron?
-1
Do atoms have a charge, why?
No because the number of positive protons equal the number if negative electrons
A carbon atom has 6 protons how many electrons will it have?
6
What order are the elements in the modern periodic table?
Atomic number
How do you calculate the number of protons in an element?
Equal to the atomic number
Do you always get the same number of protons in an element?
Yes
How many protons has Lithium?
3
How do you calculate the number of neutrons in Lithium?
Mass number- atomic number = 7-3=4
How many electrons can occupy the first (inner) shell?
2
How many electrons can occupy the second shell?
8
How many electrons can occupy the third shell?
8
Draw the electron structure of a Lithium atom.
How many outer electrons have the elements in group 1?
1
How many outer electrons have the elements in group 6?
6
What is the electron configuration for Lithium?
2,1
What is a compound?
Substance containing 2 or more elements chemically bonded together
Which electrons are involved in chemical bonding?
Outer electrons
What happens to electrons when they are involved in bonding?
Transferred or shared
What is the relative mass of a proton?
1
What is the relative mass of a neutron?
1
What is the relative mass of an electron?
1/ 1840 or very small
What is the mass number?
Protons + neutrons
What are the elements in group 1 called?
Alkali metals
What are the elements in group 7 called?
Halogens
What are the elements in group 0 called?
Noble gases
Describe the reaction of lithium with oxygen.
Lithium goes dull and lithium oxide is produced
Describe the reaction of sodium with water.
Sodium floats on the water and moves around, it melts into a ball, it fizzes giving off hydrogen gas and it turns universal indicator blue/purple.
Neon is in which group in the periodic table?
Group 0
Why is Neon unreactive?
Has a full outer shell of electrons
When becoming compounds what do metals with non-metals become?
Ionic compounds
When becoming compounds what do non-metals become?
Covalent compounds
What happens to a metal when it becomes a charged particle?
It loses electrons
What happens to a non-metal when it becomes a charged particle?
It gains electrons
What charge will group 1 elements form?
+1
What charge will the halogens form?
-1
What type of bond is found in molecules?
Covalent
In a chemical reaction are the mass of reactants always the same as the mass of products?
Yes
Write a word equation and balance the following equation?
Mg + O2 → MgO
Magnesium + oxygen → Magnesium oxide
2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
Write a word equation and balance the following equation?
Na + H2O → NaOH + H2
Sodium + water → Sodium hydroxide and hydrogen
2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2
