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Chemistry Paper 1 > C1 - Atomic Structure & The Periodic Table > Flashcards

C1 - Atomic Structure & The Periodic Table Flashcards

1
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest part of an element that can exist.

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2
Q

What is an element?

A

A substance that only contains atoms that have the same number of protons

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3
Q

Roughly how many elements are there?

A

100

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4
Q

Give the approximate radius of a typical atom in nanometers (nm)

A

0.1nm (1x10^-10m)

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5
Q

Give the approximate radius of a typical atom’s nucleus

A

1x10^-14m

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6
Q

Relative mass of a proton, neutron and electron?

A

Proton=1
Electron=Very Small
Neutron=1

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7
Q

Where is almost all of the mass of an atom found?

A

Nucleus

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8
Q

What is an atom’s mass number?

A

The total number of protons and neutrons

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9
Q

What is an atom’s atomic number?

A

The number of protons

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10
Q

How can the number of neutrons in an atom be calculated from its mass number and atomic number?

A

Mass number-Atomic number

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11
Q

How is the number of electrons in an atom related to its atomic number?

A

Equal

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12
Q

Relative Electrical charge of a proton, neutron and electron?

A

Proton= +1
Electron= -1
Neutron= 0

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13
Q

Why does an atom have no overall electrical charge?

A

Same number of protons as electrons

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14
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons

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15
Q

What is the relative atomic mass of an element?

A

the average mass of an atom of an element that takes into account the abundance of isotopes of the element

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16
Q

How is the relative atomic mass (Ar) of an element calculated?

A
  1. For each isotope work out: %abundance x mass number
  2. Add them all up
  3. Divide the total by 100
17
Q

What is an electron shell also known as?

A

Energy level

18
Q

Which shells do electrons occupy?

19
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd shells?

A

1st = 2
2nd = 8
3rd = 8

20
Q

What are the two ways off representing electronic structures?

A

By numbers or a diagram
eg. 2,8,3

21
Q

When is an atom most stable?

A

When its outer shell of electrons is full

22
Q

What are compounds?

A

Substances that contain two or more elements that are chemically bonded in fixed proportions

23
Q

What does the formula of a compound show?

A

The atoms of the elements that make up the compound and the proportions they’re in.

24
Q

How are compounds formed?

A

Chemical reactions between elements

25
Q

What does a chemical reaction always result in?

A

The formation of one or more new substances

26
Q

How can compounds be separated into elements?

A

Compounds can only be separated into elements by chemical reactions

27
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A substance that is made up of two or more elements or compounds that aren’t chemically bonded together

28
Q

How do the chemical properties of a substance change when it’s a mixture?

A

Don’t change

29
Q

Give five methods of separating mixtures

A

Fractional distillation
Simple distillation
Filtration
Chromatography
Crystallisation

30
Q

What method can be used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid?

A

Filtration

31
Q

Briefly describe how to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid using filtration

A
  1. Put a cone of filter paper into a funnel
  2. Hold the funnel over a beaker and pour the mixture into it
  3. The liquid will pass through the filter paper into the beaker and the insoluble solid will be left in the filter paper
32
Q

What method can be used to separate a soluble solid from a solution?

A

Crystallisation

33
Q

Briefly describe how to separate a soluble solid from a solution using crystallisation

A
  1. Gently heat the solution to evaporate some of the solvent
  2. Remove the heat and leave the solution to cool so crystals form
34
Q

What method can be used to separate a liquid from a solution?

A

Simple distillation

35
Q

Briefly describe how to separate a liquid from a solution using simple distillation

A
  1. Heat the solution to evaporate the liquid
  2. Cool the vapour so it condenses and collect the liquid in a beaker
36
Q

What method can be used to separate a mixture of liquids?

A

Fractional distillation

37
Q

Briefly describe how to separate a mixture of liquids using fractional distillation

A
  1. Heat the mixture in a flask attached to a fractioning column
  2. When the boiling point of one of the liquids is reached, it’ll evaporate and exit at the top of the fractioning column - it can then be condensed and collected
  3. Different liquids will evaporate as the temperature rises, so they can be condensed and collected separately
38
Q

What method can be used to separate a mixture of coloured substances?

A

Paper chromatography

Chemistry Paper 1 (5 decks)

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