C1 - Atomic Structure & Periodic Table Flashcards
Filtration
Insoluble solid (residue) is caught in filter paper, separated from liquid
Crystallisation
Evaporate the solvent from a saturated solution. Cool down solution and solid will crystallise
Simple distillation
Evaporates first liquid, and condenses it in condenser
Fractional distillation
Fractionating column contains glass beads which helps separate the compounds
Chromatography
Place a piece of paper with a spot of a mixture, in a beaker with a solvent. The solvent starts rising, separating the mixture into multiple spots
Plum pudding model
Ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it - JJ Thomson
Results of alpha particle scattering experiment
Mass of an atom is concentrated at the centre and that this nucleus was charged. Known as the nuclear model
Niels Bohr
Electrons orbit at specific distances - shells
Ernest Rutherford
Alpha scattering, and Protons
James Chadwick
Neutrons
Relative sizes of proton, neutron, and electron
1, 1, Very Small
Relative atomic mass equation
[(Isotopic mass x relative abundance) + (Isotopic mass x relative abundance)] all over 100
Periodic table arranged in order of
Atomic (proton) number
Mendeleev
Left gaps in periodic table for undiscovered elements, whose properties he could accurately predict
Group 0
Noble gases - unreactive as have stable electron arrangements. No valence electrons. Boiling point increases going down the group
Group 1
Alkali metals - low density, soft, stored in oil to prevent reactions
Lithium, sodium, potassium reaction with: oxygen
Burn vigorously if heated and form a metal oxide
Lithium, sodium, potassium reaction with: chlorine
React vigorously to form a metal chloride
Lithium, sodium, potassium reaction with: water
Fizzes slowly on surface until gets smaller and eventually disappears
Fizzes rapidly while moving on surface before disappearing
Moves very quickly while producing a lilac flame
Group 7
Halogens - reactivity decreases as you go down. Particles exist in pairs. More reactive can displace less reactive from aqueous solution of its salt.
Group 7 reactions with non-metals and metals
Form covalent bonds with non-metals
Form ionic bonds with metals
Transition metal properties
Hard, high density, high melting points, much less reactive than alkali metals, form coloured compounds
