C1; Atomic Structure & Periodic Table Flashcards
What is an atom
The smallest part of an an element
What is a molecule
Two or more atoms chemically bonded together
What is the conservation of mass
When during a reaction, the atoms in the reactants are rearranged into different compounds. Therefore mass is never gained or lost in a chemical reaction
What is an element
A substance made from only one type of atom
What is a compound
A substance made up of only 1 atom
What is a mixture
Two or more substances mixed together, but no not react with together. A mixture is not a pure substance
What i balancing equations
When you change the amount of molecule in a reaction so that the reactants and the product are equal
What are the 5 five methods of separating mixtures
Filtration,crystallisation, simple distillation, fractional distillation and chromatography
What is filtration
Using a filter to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid
What is crystallisation
When the liquid (solvent) evaporates away leaving the soluble solid crystals (solute) behind
What is Simple distillation
Separates a liquid from a solution. The solution is heated, it evaporates and then condenses for collection
What is Fractional distillation
Separates multiple liquids from a solution, based on boiling points
What is Chromatography
Separation soluble substances from one another
Who was John dalton
John dalton proposed atoms are tiny hard spheres that cannot be split and all matter was made of atoms
When was the first model of the atom created
In 1805 by John dalton
Who was JJ Thomson
Proposed that an atom was a sphere of positive charge with negatively charged electrons spread through it
Whats was the name of JJ thomsons model and when was it created?
It was called the plum pudding model and was made in 1897
What was the expriment that Ernest Rutherford did
He fired alpha particles at a very thin piece of gold foil
What did erenst Rutherford conclude
Because most of the particles went straight through, most of the atom was empty space. And that some of the alpha particles shot back meaning that there was a small nucleus in the centre
When did Ernest Rutherford discover the nucleus and what was it called
The nuclear model made in 1909
What did Neil’s Bohr discover
He adapted the nuclear model and discovered that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances called electrons shells
When did Neil’s Bohr discover electron shells
In 1913
What did James Chadwick discover
He provided evidence to show the distance of neutrons
When did James Chadwick discover the neutron
1932
