C1: Atomic Structure and The Periodic table

Question 1

What is an atom?

Answer 1

The smallest part of an element that can exist

Question 2

What is an element?

Answer 2

A substance made from only one type of atom

Question 3

what is a compound?

Answer 3

a substance made of two or more different elements that are chemically combined

Question 4

what is in the central nucleus?

Answer 4

the central nucleus contains protons and neutrons

Question 5

what is a proton?

Answer 5

it is a positively charged particle found in the nucleus

Question 6

what is an electron?

Answer 6

it is a negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus in outer shells

Question 7

what is the mass number?

Answer 7

the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Question 8

what is the atomic number?

Answer 8

the number of protons in the atom

Question 9

what is a mixture?

Answer 9

two or more elements or compounds together that are not chemically combined

Question 10

Define filtration:

Answer 10

separating an insoluble solid from a liquid

Question 11

Define crystallization:

Answer 11

to separate a solid from a solution

Question 12

Define simple distillation:

Answer 12

to separate a solvent from a solution

Question 13

Define fractional distillation:

Answer 13

separating a mixture of liquids, both with different boiling points

Question 14

Define chromatography:

Answer 14

separating substances that move at different rates through a medium

Question 15

what is an isotope?

Answer 15

atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 16

plum pudding model:

Answer 16

a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it

Question 17

Geiger and Mardsen’s splitting experiment(4):

Answer 17

• A beam of Alpha particles is directed at a thin foil of gold.
• Most of them went through the foil, proving atoms are mostly empty space
• some were slightly deflected, proving that atoms have a positively charged center
• A minority were completely deflected proving hat there is a dense mass of positive charge in the atom

Question 18

halogens/ group 7 (4)

Answer 18

• consists of molecules made of a pair of atoms
• have seven electrons in their outer shell and form -1 ions
• melting and boiling points increase down the group
• reactivity decreases down the group

Question 19

With metals:

Answer 19

Metal + halogen= metal halide

Question 20

With hydrogen:

Answer 20

Hydrogen + halogen = hydrogen halide

Question 21

Reacting a halogen with aqueous solution of a halide salt:

Answer 21

The more reactive halogen will displace the less reactive halogen from the salt

Question 22

Noble gases/ group 0 (4)

Answer 22

• Unreactive
• Do not form molecules due to having full outer shells of electrons
• boiling points increase going down the group
• increasing atomic number down the group

Question 23

Periodic table(5):

Answer 23

• metals are to the left of the steps
• non metals are to the right
• elements are arranged in order of atomic number
• elements with similar properties are in columns called groups
• elements in the same group have the same number of electrons on the outer shell

Question 24

Alkali metals/ group 1(5):

Answer 24

• very reactive with oxygen, water and chlorine
• reactivity increases down the group
• Only have one electron on the outer shell
• form + 1 ions
• negative outer electrons are further away from the positive nucleus so they are more easily lost

Question 25

Alkali metals with oxygen:

Answer 25

Alkali metal + oxygen = metal oxide

Question 26

Alkali metals with water

Answer 26

Alkali metal + water = metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 27

Alkali metals with chlorine

Answer 27

Alkali metal + chlorine = metal chloride

Question 28

Mendeleev…

Answer 28

Left gaps for elements that hadn’t been discovered yet

Question 29

Before the discovery of protons, neutrons and electrons the periodic table had…(2):

Answer 29

• Elements arranged in order of atomic weight

- Early periodic tables were incomplete and some elements were placed in inappropriate groups