C1 - Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Question 1

5 methods through which mixtures can be separated.

Answer 1

Filtration
Crystallisation
Simple Distillation
Fractional Distillation
Chromatography

Question 2

Plum Pudding Model.

Answer 2

The atom is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it.

Question 3

Describe how the Bohr/nuclear model and how it came about.

Answer 3

The nuclear model suggests that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances (shells) - it came about from the alpha scattering experiments.

Question 4

Later experiments led to the discovery of smaller, positive particles in the nucleus; what are these particles called?

Answer 4

Protons.

Question 5

What did James Chadwick provide evidence for?

Answer 5

The existence of neutrons in the nucleus.

Question 6

Describe the structure of an atom.

Answer 6

The atom has a small central nucleus made up protons and neutrons around which there are electrons on the shells.

Question 7

Explain why atoms are electrically neutral.

Answer 7

They have the same number of electrons and protons.

Question 8

What is the radius of an atom?

Answer 8

0.1 nm.

Question 9

Where is the majority of mass of an atom?

Answer 9

The nucleus.

Question 10

Isotopes.

Answer 10

Atoms of the same element (same atomic number) that have a different number of neutrons (different mass number).

Question 11

Ions.

Answer 11

Charged Particles. They are formed when atoms lose electrons or gain electrons.

Question 12

Metal Properties.

Answer 12

Shiny
High Melting/Boiling Point
Conductor
High Density

Question 13

Non-Metal Properties.

Answer 13

Low Melting/Boiling Point
Insulator
Dull
Low Density

Question 14

What is formed when a metal reacts with a non-metal?

Answer 14

An ionic compound.

Question 15

What is formed when a non-metal reacts with a non-metal?

Answer 15

A molecular compound containing covalently bonded atoms.

Question 16

Solute.

Answer 16

A substance that is dissolved in a solvent.

Question 17

Elements that react to form positive ions are…?

Answer 17

Metals.

Question 18

Elements that do not form positive ions are…?

Answer 18

Non-metals.

Question 19

3 Characteristics of Group 1 (Alkali Metals).

Answer 19

One electron in their outer shell.
Low Density.
Soft.

Question 20

How do Group 1 elements react with non-metals?

Answer 20

They form ionic compounds which are soluble white solids which form colourless solutions - they all have one electron in their outer shell.

Question 21

How do Group 1 elements react with water?

Answer 21

They release hydrogen and form hydroxides which dissolve to from alkaline solutions; they react vigorously with water, fizzing and moving around in the surface of the water.

Question 22

How does the reactivity change moving down the Group 1? Why?

Answer 22

Reactivity increases as the atoms get larger and the distance between the nucleus and the outer electrons increases and thus attraction from the nucleus decreases, allowing them to more easily lose electrons.

Question 23

3 Characteristics of Group 7 (Halogens).

Answer 23

7 electrons in the outer shell.
Coloured vapours.
Diatomic molecules.

Question 24

State five Group 7 elements and states of matter of molecules they form.

Answer 24

Fluorine - pale yellow gas.
Chlorine - pale green gas.
Bromine - dark brown liquid.
Iodine - grey solid.

Question 25

State three changes that occur in Group 7 as one moves down the group.

Answer 25

Higher relative mass.
Higher melting and boiling points.
Less reactive.

Question 26

Describe the trend in reactivity in Group 7

Answer 26

Reactivity decreases down the group. The atoms get larger, so an incoming electron will be less tightly held by the attractive forces from the nucleus.

Question 27

Catalyst.

Answer 27

A chemical substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction.

Question 28

State the colours of flames observed when Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium burn in Oxygen.

Answer 28

Lithium - Crimson-red.
Sodium - Yellow-orange,
Potassium - Lilac.

Question 29

Describe the properties of Group 0 (Noble Gases). Discuss the trend in boiling point down the group.

Answer 29

Non-metals, bases, low boiling points, unreactive due to full outer shell.
The boiling point increases down the group, as the atoms get heavier.