C1 - Atomic Structure And The Periodic Table

Question 1

What are neutrons

Answer 1

Neutrons are in the middle of the atom.
Contains protons and neutrons

Question 2

What are electrons

Answer 2

Electrons move around the nucleus in electron shells ( levels )
They’re negatively charged
Electrons almost have no mass

Question 3

Charge of protons ?

Answer 3

Positively charged

Question 4

Charge of electrons

Answer 4

Electrons are negatively charged

Question 5

Charge of neutrons

Answer 5

Neutral

Question 6

Atomic number is thr

Answer 6

Number of protons and electrons

Question 7

The mass number is

Answer 7

The number of protons + the number of neutrons

Question 8

Atoms have no charge overrall.They are neutral.This is because

Answer 8

They have the same number of protons and electrons

Question 9

In an ion the number of protons is not equal go

Answer 9

The number of protons .This means it has an electric charge

Question 10

What is an element

Answer 10

If a substance only contains atoms with the same number of protons

Question 11

What are isotopes

Answer 11

Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 12

What is a compound

Answer 12

When two or more elements react , they form compounds.Compounds are substances that contain atoms of different elements

Question 13

How is a compound reaction made ?

Answer 13

During a chemical reaction

Question 14

How can compounds be represented

Answer 14

Can be represented by formulas .Formulas are made up of element symbols in the same proportions as the elements in the compound.

Question 15

Symbol equations need to be balanced.There must be the same number of atoms on both sides x they can’t just disappear.You balance equations by

Answer 15

Putting numbers in front of the formulae

Question 16

Compounds can only be separated by

Answer 16

Chemical reactions

Question 17

Unlike compounds mixtures are

Answer 17

Easily separated

Question 18

What are mixtures

Answer 18

Mixtures contain at least two different elements or compounds

Question 19

There aren’t any chemical bonds between the different parts of a mixture.What is an example of a mixture

Answer 19

Air is a mixture of gases , mainly nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide and argon

Question 20

Different parts of a mixture can be separated out by methods such as

Answer 20

Filtration
Crystallisation
Simple sistillation
Fractional distillation
Chromotography
These methods are all physical methods.This means they don’t involve any chemical reactiona , and don’t form any new substances

Question 21

What are properties

Answer 21

Properties describe what a substance is like and how it behaves such as hardness and boiling point .

Question 22

Method of filtration

Answer 22

Used to separate an undissolved solid from a mixture.
A piece of a filter paper is placed in a filter funnel above a beaker.A mixture of insoluble solid and liquid is poured into the filter funnel.The filter paper will only allow small liquid particles to pass through as filtrate .Solid particles are too large to pass through the filter paper so will stay bwhind as residue

Question 23

Method of crystallisation

Answer 23

Used to separate a dissolved solid from a solution.The solution is heated which allows the solvent to evaporate and leaves a satursted solution.To test if the solution is saturated a clean dry cold grass rod is dipped into the solution.If the solution is saturated, crystals will form on the glass rod .Saturated solution is now then allowed to cool slowly.Crystals begin to grow as solids come out of solution due to decreasing solubility.Crystals are collected by filtering the solution.Washed with cold distillated water to remove impurities and are then allowed to dry

Question 24

Method of distillation.

Answer 24

Used to separate a liquid and a soluble liquid.The solution is heated and a liquid evaporates producing a vapour theough the nexk of the round bottomed flask.Vapour passes through a condenser, where it cools and condenses, turning into the pure liquid that is collected in a beaker.After all the liquid is evaporates from the aolution , only thr soluble solute will be left behind.

Question 25

Method of fractional distillation

Answer 25

If you have a mixture of liquids you can separate it using fractional distillation.Put your mixture in a flask and stick a fractional column on top.Then you heat it.Different liquids have different boiling points.So they will evaporate at different temperatures.The substance with the lowest boiling point will evaporate first.When the temperature on the thermomter matches the boiling point of this substance it will reqch the top of the column.The substance will then wnter the condenser where it is colled and condensed.You can collect the liquid as it drops out.When the first liquid is collected you raise the temperature so the other liquid can be collected

Question 26

Electron shell rules

Answer 26

Electrons always move in shells ( sometimes called energy levels ).The inner shells are always filled up first .These are the ones closest to the nucleus.Only a certain number of electrons are allowed in each shell.

Question 27

Electrons with similar properties are arranged to form columns.These columns are called

Answer 27

Groups

Question 28

The rows in the periodic table are called

Answer 28

Periods

Question 29

The group number of an element is the same as the number of

Answer 29

Outer shell electrons