c1 - atomic structure and periodic table

Question 1

what do atoms contain

Answer 1

protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 2

nucleus of an atom

Answer 2

contains protons and neutrons
radius of around 1 x 10^-14
positive charge

Question 3

proton mass and charge

Answer 3

mass = 1
charge = +1

Question 4

neutron mass and charge

Answer 4

mass = 1
charge = 0

Question 5

electron mass and charge

Answer 5

mass = 0
charge = -1

Question 6

what do electrons do

Answer 6

move around the nucleus in electron shells

Question 7

number of protons =

Answer 7

number of electrons

Question 8

charge of an atom

Answer 8

neutral
no overall charge

Question 9

what is an ion

Answer 9

an atom or group of atoms that has lost or gained electrons
the number of protons does not equal the number of electrons

Question 10

what does the atomic number tell you

Answer 10

how many protons there are

Question 11

what does the mass number tell you

Answer 11

total number of protons and neutrons

Question 12

what is an element

Answer 12

substance made up of atoms that all have the same number of protons in their nucleus

Question 13

what are isotopes

Answer 13

different forms of the same element which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 14

formula to work out the relative atomic mass of an element

Answer 14

sum of (isotope abundance x isotope mass number) / sum of abundance of all the isotopes

Question 15

what happens when elements react

Answer 15

atoms combine with other atoms to form compounds

Question 16

what is a compound

Answer 16

a substance formed when 2 or more atoms are chemically bonded together

Question 17

how do atoms make bonds

Answer 17

atoms give away, take or share electrons

Question 18

what happens when a compound is formed between a metal and a non metal

Answer 18

the metal loses electrons to form positive ions
the non metal gains electrons to form negative ions
this is ionic bonding

Question 19

what happens when a compound is formed between non metals

Answer 19

each atom shares an electron with another atom - this is covalent bonding

Question 20

how can mixtures be separated

Answer 20

filtration
crystallization
simple distillation
fractional distillation
chromatography

Question 21

how to do paper chromatography

Answer 21

1. draw line near the bottom of a sheet of filter paper (use pencil)
2. add a spot of ink to the line and place the sheet in a beaker of solvent like water
3. make sure the ink isn’t touching the solvent
4. place lid on top of container to stop solvent evaporating
5. the different dye in the ink will move up the paper at a different rate so the dyes will separate out
6. if any of the dyes in the ink are insoluble they’ll stay on the baseline

Question 22

what does filtration separate

Answer 22

insoluble solids from liquids

Question 23

two ways to separate soluble solids from solutions

Answer 23

evaporation
crystallisation

Question 24

what does distillation involve

Answer 24

boiling the mixture then condensing the gas to produce a liquid by cooling it down

Question 25

what is distillation

Answer 25

separation technique that separates a liquid from a mixture

Question 26

what is fractional distillation used to separate

Answer 26

two or more liquids which have different boiling points

Question 27

what is fractional distillation useful for (examples)

Answer 27

separating ethanol from a mixture of ethanol and water separating different fractions from crude oil

Question 28

what did the plum pudding model suggest

Answer 28

that the atom is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it

Question 29

what did the alpha particle scattering experiment lead to

Answer 29

the conclusion that the mass of an atom was concentrated at the centre and that the nucleus was charged

Question 29

who adapted the nuclear model by suggesting that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances

Answer 29

Niels Bohr

Question 30

who provided the evidence to show the existence of neutrons within the nucleus

Answer 30

james chadwick

Question 31

what is the relative atomic mass of an element

Answer 31

average value that takes account of the abundance of the isotopes of the element

Question 32

electronic structure in each cell rule

Answer 32

2 in first 8 in second 8 in third

Question 33

elements in the same group in the periodic table have the same number of....

Answer 33

electrons in their outer shell

Question 34

before the discovery of protons, neutrons and electrons, how did scientists classify the elements

Answer 34

by arranging them in order of their atomic weights

Question 35

who left gaps for elements that he thought had not been discovered

Answer 35

Mendeleev

Question 36

difference between metals and non metals

Answer 36

metal = shiny, high melting points, good conductors of electricity and heat non metals = dull, low melting points, bad conductors of electricity and heat

Question 37

what are elements in group 0 called

Answer 37

noble gases

Question 38

are noble gases reactive or unreactive

Answer 38

unreactive

Question 39

why don't noble gases easily form molecules

Answer 39

because their atoms have stable arrangement of electrons

Question 40

how many electrons do noble gases have in their outer shell

Answer 40

8 except for helium which has 2

Question 41

trend of noble gases

Answer 41

boiling point and relative atomic mass increases as you go down the group

Question 42

what are elements in group 1 called

Answer 42

alkali metals

Question 43

how many electrons in the outer shell of alkali metals

Answer 43

1

Question 44

trend of alkali metals

Answer 44

increased reactivity as you go down the group

Question 45

what are elements in group 7 called

Answer 45

halogens

Question 46

what are halogens

Answer 46

non metals that consist of molecules made of pairs of atoms

Question 47

trend of halogens

Answer 47

relative molecular mass, boiling point and melting point increases as you go down the group the reactivity decreases as you go down

Question 48

what happens when lithium reacts with water

Answer 48

lithium floats it fizzes steadily and becomes smaller until it eventually disappears

Question 49

what happens when lithium reacts with oxygen

Answer 49

strong red flame

Question 50

what happens when sodium reacts with chlorine

Answer 50

orange flame and clouds of white sodium chloride

Question 51

what happens when sodium reacts with oxygen

Answer 51

orange flame

Question 52

what happens when sodium reacts with water

Answer 52

the sodium melts to form a ball that moves around on the surface it fizzes rapidly before it disappears