C1 Atomic Structure Flashcards
Define what an atom is [1]
It is the ‘smallest part’ of an element that can exist.
What is a molecule? [1]
Two or more atoms chemically bonded.
Give an example of a molecule. [1]
Water is a molecule (H20)
Give an example of an atom [1]
Hydrogen (H), Helium (He), Magnesium (Mg) etc.
What is an element? [1]
where only one type of atom is present. can be single atoms or molecules, such as H2
give an example of an element [1]
Oxygen (O2), Hydrogen (H2 or H)
What is a compound? [1]
two or more elements that are chemically bonded.
Example of a compound [1]
Carbon dioxide (CO2) or Methane (CH4)
What makes the nucleus of an atom? [1-2]
Protons and Neutrons
What orbits the nucleus of an atom? [1]
Electrons
True or false: the number of protons = number of electrons [1]
true
What is the nucleus of an atom? [2]
It is the centre of an atom, made from protons and neutrons.
What is the (relative) mass of a proton? [1]
Mass of 1
What is the charge of a proton? [1]
+1 (positive)
What is the relative mass of a neutron? [1]
Mass of 1
What is the charge of a neutron? [1]
0 (neutral)
What is the relative mass of an electron? [1]
0 (almost, but say it is 0)
What is the charge of an electron? [1]
-1 (negative)
What is a mixture? [2]
two or more chemicals that are not chemically bonded.
What are 4 ways to separate mixtures? [4]
- Filtration: to get an insoluble solid from a liquid (eg, sand and water)
- Crystallisation: get a soluble solid from a liquid (by evaporating the liquid off)
- Distillation: Gets a pure liquid from a mixture of liquids
- Chromatography: Separates mixtures from coloured compounds (eg, ink)
How many electrons can be held in the first three shells?
(x,y,z) [1]
2,8,8
What is the purpose of the periodic table? [2]
It lists all of the elements in order of atomic number.
What is a period in the periodic table? [1]
What is a group in the periodic table? [1]
Rows are called periods, columns are called groups
What is the law of conservation of mass? [1]
in a chemical reaction, the
total mass of reactants = total mass of products
How do you find the Mass number of an atom?
It is the top number,
or add the number of neutrons and protons
Which is the atomic number? What does it mean?
The bottom number is the atomic number. It shows the number of protons.
