C1 Atomic Structure

Question 1

Define what an atom is [1]

Answer 1

It is the ‘smallest part’ of an element that can exist.

Question 2

What is a molecule? [1]

Answer 2

Two or more atoms chemically bonded.

Question 3

Give an example of a molecule. [1]

Answer 3

Water is a molecule (H20)

Question 4

Give an example of an atom [1]

Answer 4

Hydrogen (H), Helium (He), Magnesium (Mg) etc.

Question 5

What is an element? [1]

Answer 5

where only one type of atom is present. can be single atoms or molecules, such as H2

Question 6

give an example of an element [1]

Answer 6

Oxygen (O2), Hydrogen (H2 or H)

Question 7

What is a compound? [1]

Answer 7

two or more elements that are chemically bonded.

Question 8

Example of a compound [1]

Answer 8

Carbon dioxide (CO2) or Methane (CH4)

Question 9

What makes the nucleus of an atom? [1-2]

Answer 9

Protons and Neutrons

Question 10

What orbits the nucleus of an atom? [1]

Answer 10

Electrons

Question 11

True or false: the number of protons = number of electrons [1]

Answer 11

true

Question 12

What is the nucleus of an atom? [2]

Answer 12

It is the centre of an atom, made from protons and neutrons.

Question 13

What is the (relative) mass of a proton? [1]

Answer 13

Mass of 1

Question 14

What is the charge of a proton? [1]

Answer 14

+1 (positive)

Question 15

What is the relative mass of a neutron? [1]

Answer 15

Mass of 1

Question 16

What is the charge of a neutron? [1]

Answer 16

0 (neutral)

Question 17

What is the relative mass of an electron? [1]

Answer 17

0 (almost, but say it is 0)

Question 18

What is the charge of an electron? [1]

Answer 18

-1 (negative)

Question 19

What is a mixture? [2]

Answer 19

two or more chemicals that are not chemically bonded.

Question 20

What are 4 ways to separate mixtures? [4]

Answer 20

• Filtration: to get an insoluble solid from a liquid (eg, sand and water)
• Crystallisation: get a soluble solid from a liquid (by evaporating the liquid off)
• Distillation: Gets a pure liquid from a mixture of liquids
• Chromatography: Separates mixtures from coloured compounds (eg, ink)

Question 21

How many electrons can be held in the first three shells?

(x,y,z) [1]

Answer 21

2,8,8

Question 22

What is the purpose of the periodic table? [2]

Answer 22

It lists all of the elements in order of atomic number.

Question 23

What is a period in the periodic table? [1]

What is a group in the periodic table? [1]

Answer 23

Rows are called periods, columns are called groups

Question 24

What is the law of conservation of mass? [1]

Answer 24

in a chemical reaction, the

total mass of reactants = total mass of products

Question 25

How do you find the Mass number of an atom?

Answer 25

It is the top number,

or add the number of neutrons and protons

Question 26

Which is the atomic number? What does it mean?

Answer 26

The bottom number is the atomic number. It shows the number of protons.