C1 Atomic Structure Flashcards
History of the atom
Greeks-idea
Dalton-tiny, hard spheres
Thompson-electron, plum pudding
Marsden-alpha particles (some repelled->positive charge in centre)
Rutherford-nuclear model(protons in nucleus, electrons orbit)
Bohr-energy shells
Chadwick-neutrons in nucleus
What is an ion?
How does it become charged?
A charged atom
lose electrons=positive charge
gain electrons=negative charge
What is the size of an atom and it’s nucleus?
atom=1x10^10m
nucleus=1x10^14m
What is an isotope?
An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
They have different physical properties but the same chemical properties (e.g density)
What is an element?
1 type of atom
What is a compound?
Two or more elements chemically bonded together
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?
the total mass of reactants=total mass of products
State symbols
G=gas
L=liquid
S=solid
Aq=aqueous (dissolved in water)
What is the mass and charge of an electron?
0 mass
-1 charge
What is the mass and charge of a proton?
1 mass
+1 charge
What is the mass and charge of a neutron?
1 mass
0 charge
What is fractional distillation?
Separation of miscible (dissolved in each other) liquids in a mixture
Different boiling points
What is paper chromatography?
Separation of substances from a mixture in a solution
e.g food colourings
What is distillation?
Separation of a solvent from soluble solids
What is crystallisation?
Separation of soluble solids from a solvent
