C1 Atomic Structure Flashcards
What are all the Theories on History of the atom in order?
- 500BC - Democritus - Atomic Theory
- 1800’s - John Dalton ‘Solid Spheres’
- 1897 - JJ Thomson Plum pudding model
- 1909 - Ernest Rutherford (and his student) Nuclear model
- 1913 - Niels Bohr Electron shells
- Ernest Rutherford Protons
- James Chadwick Neutrons
When and What is the Atomic Theory and who was it presented by?
500BC - Democritus - Everything is made out of tiny little particles that can’t be broken any further
What is the ‘solid sphere’ theory?
Atoms as solid spheres different types made different elements
Who was the ‘solid spheres’ theory made by?
John Dalton
What did JJ Thomson do?
1897 - Plum pudding model - Atom general ball of positive charge with discrete electrons stuck in
What is the Nuclear model, who and when?
1909 - Ernest Rutherford (and his student)
-shot positively charged alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold
-made made it through but many were also defeoected
Nuclear Model - compact nucleas with positive charge with negatively charged cloud
What and when did Niels Bohr do?
1913 - Electron shells
What did Ernest Rutherford do?
Discovered Protons
What did James - Chadwick do?
Discovered Neutrons
What is the Atomic number?
How many protons there are in the atom and they also determine what element it is.
What is the mass number?
The total number of protons and neutrons.
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same elements with the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons.
What are the relative sizes of the atom and its nucleus?
The ATOM is 10,000 times (x) larger than the nucleaus
- radius of atom = 1x10^-10
- radius of nucleus = 1x10^-14
Why does chlorine not have a whole mass number?
Due to the presence of Isotopes
What are ions?
Ions are atoms which have an overall charge because they have either gained or lost electrons.
Positive ions?
Have lost electrons because electrons have a negative charge
Negative ions?
Have gained electrons because electrons have a negative charge
