C1 - Atomic Structure Flashcards
What is an atom ?
The smallest particle of a chemical substance that can exist
What is an element ?
Substances made up of only one type of atom
What is a molecule ?
A grouping of two or more atoms bonded together
What is the law of conservation of mass ?
The total mass of the products formed in a reaction is equal to the total mass of the reactants
What is a mixture ?
A mixture is made of two or more substances (elements or compounds) that are not chemically combined together
What does soluble mean ?
Capable of being dissolved in a liquid
What does insoluble mean ?
Incapable of being dissolved in a liquid
What is filtration ?
Solid particles in a liquid or gaseous fluid are removed by the use of a filter medium
What does crystalisation mean ?
To obtain a sample of a pure dry salt. Often following filtartion
What is distillation ?
The process of purifying a substance, whereby pure substances are extracted from a mixture
In what order were the sub-atomic particles found ?
1) Electrons
2) Protons
3) Neutrons
What is the history of the atom ?
- John dalton thought everything was made up pf small particles called atoms which couldn’t be split
- Plum pudding model was made by the discovery of the electron by JJ Thompson. It was a cloud of posative charge with negatively charged electrons spread throuout it.
- The alpha particle scattering experiment lead to the discovery of the nucleus and that electrons orbit the nucleus (nucleur model electron shells not in set distances).
- Niels Bohr found out the electrons were in set distances from the nucleus
- James chadwick’s experiment resulted in the finding of the neutron in the nucleus
What’s the atomic number of an element ?
The amount of protons
What is the mass number ?
The amount of protons + neutrons
What is an ion ?
A charged atom or group of atoms
What is an isotope ?
Atoms of the same elememt with a different amount of neutrons
