C1: Atomic Structure Flashcards
What is an atom formed out of
Nucleus (Proton + Neutrons) and electrons
What are the charges of a proton, neutron and electron
proton = positive, neutron = neutral, electron = negative
What is the relative mass of an electron
Very small (1/2000)
What does the atomic number represent
The number of protons in an atom, electrons too
What ae isotopes
Elements with a different amount of neutrons in the nucleus
what is the equation for relative atomic mass
relative atomic mass = sum of (isotope abundance X isotope mass number) ÷
sum of abundance of all the isotopes
What is a compound
two or more elements which are combined througha reaction
What are compounds made from a non-metal and metal consist of
ions, metal loses electron and non metal gains electron
What is not affected during the process of making bonds
the nucleus of an atom
What is a mixture
A mixture is made from loads of elements or compounds but there are no chemical binds between them.
What do you use to draw a line in the paper chromatography experiment
Pencil, not pen because its soluble meaning it will dissolve in the solvent. (water)
Where should the ink mark be in the experiment
Over the solvent so that it doesn’t dissolve inside
What is Filtration
Its a separation technique which separates insoluble solids from liquids
What are the two methods of seperating soluble solids from soulations
evaporation and crystallisation
What is the method for evaporation
You pour the solution into the evaporating dish and heat the solution slowly when the solvent will evaporate and get more concentrated. This will form crystals, keep on doing this until your crystals are dry.
When do you use crystallisation
Whan the salt decomposes when it is heated
What is the method for crystallisation
Pour the solution in the dish and heat the solution, some of the solvent will evaporate and the solution will become more concentrated. When crystals start to form you remove the dish from the heat and leave it to cool. It should then start to form crystals (the salt). Filter the crystals out and leave in a dry place.
What is the method for crystallisation
Pour the solution in the dish and heat the solution, some of the solvent will evaporate and the solution will become more concentrated. When crystals start to form you remove the dish from the heat and leave it to cool. It should then start to form crystals (the salt). Filter the crystals out and leave in a dry place.
What is distillation
Seperating a liquid from a solution
How does distillation work
The solution is heated and the solution which has the lowest boiling point evaporates first. The vapor is cooled and collected and the rest of the solution is left in the flask.
Who was John Dalton?
A scientist who described atoms as solid spheres
What happened after John’s theory?
J J Thomson concluded from his experiment that atoms had small negatively charged particles (electrons), solid spheres changed to plum pudding model
What happened in 1909?
Ernest Rutherford discoverd the nuclear model using the alpha particle experiment.
How did Bohr describe the atom
As having a nucleus which was surrounded by shells with elcetrons around it
What are shells refered to as
Energy levels meaning that the closer you are to the nucleus the lower the energy
