C1: Atomic Structure Flashcards

1
Q

How are compounds formed?

A

From elements by chemical reactions

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2
Q

What did the discovery of the electron lead to?

A

The plum pudding model

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3
Q

What did the plum pudding model state?

A

The atom is a small ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded

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4
Q

What 2 things did the results from the alpha scattering experiment lead to?

A

The mass as concentrated at the centre (a nucleus) and that the nucleus was charged

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5
Q

Who adapted the nuclear model? (a.k.a the alpha scattering experiment)

A

Niels Bohr

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6
Q

How was the nuclear model adapted?

A

The suggestion that electrons orbited the nucleus at specific distances

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7
Q

What did James Chadwick do?

A

Discover neutrons

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8
Q

What is an elements atomic number?

A

The number of protons

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9
Q

What is the radius of an atom?

A

0.1nm

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10
Q

What is the radius of a nucleus?

A

1/10,000 of that atom

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11
Q

Where is almost all of the mass of an atom be?

A

The nucleus

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12
Q

What is the mass number?

A

The sum of an atom’s protons and neutrons

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13
Q

What is the mass number?

A

The sum of an atom’s protons and neutron

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14
Q

What is the relative atomic mass of an atom?

A

The average value that takes account of the abundance of the isotopes of the element

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15
Q

What does the size of an atom depend on?

A

The element that it is

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16
Q

What is a molecule?

A

2 or more atoms that are held together by chemical bonds

17
Q

What does filtration separate?

A

Insoluble solids from liquids

18
Q

What is an advantage and a disadvantage of evaporation as a separating technique?

A

It is quick, however some solids decompose when heated; thermal decomposition

19
Q

Describe how the process of crystallisation will be carried out

A

Heat solution with a bunsen burner until crystals form. Allow to cool to form more crystals and then rest for water to evaporate or filter. Lastly dry crystals in an oven

20
Q

What does simple distillation separate?

A

Liquids from solutions, e.g. pure water from sea water

21
Q

What is the function of the glass rods in fractional distillation?

A

They provide a high surface area

22
Q

What are 2 properties of the fractionating column?

A

Cooler at the top and has glass rods

23
Q

What did John Dalton describe atoms as?

A

Solid spheres

24
Q

Who came up with the plum pudding model?

A

JJ. Thompson

25
Q

How does the electron’s orbit help the atom?

A

It prevents it from collapsing