C1 atomic structure Flashcards

1
Q

what is an atom

A

All substances are made of atoms. An atom is the smallest part of an element that can exist.

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2
Q

what is an element

A

an element is a substance which only contains one type of atom

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3
Q

what is a compound

A

a compound is a substance which contains atoms from 2 or more elements which are chemically combined in fixed proportions

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4
Q

what is the charge of protons

A

+1 they are positively charged

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5
Q

what is the charge of electrons

A

-1 they are negatively charged

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6
Q

what is the charge of neutrons

A

0 they are neutral

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7
Q

what is a mixture

A

two or more elements or compounds not
chemically combined together

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8
Q

what is filtration

A

Filtration is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid. It is useful for separating sand from a mixture of sand and water, or excess reactant from a reaction mixture.

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9
Q

what is crystallization

A

Crystallisation is used to produce solid crystals from a solution. When the solution is warmed, some of solvent evaporates leaving crystals behind. For example, crystallisation is used to obtain copper sulfate crystals from copper sulfate solution.

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10
Q

how do you separate a mixture using crystallization

A

put the solution in an evaporating basin
warm the solution by placing the evaporating basin over a boiling water bath
stop heating when crystals begin to form around the edge of the basin

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11
Q

what is simple distillation

A

Simple distillation is used to separate a solvent from a solution

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12
Q

how does simple distillation work

A

Simple distillation works because the dissolved solute has a much higher boiling point than the solvent.
When the solution is heated, solvent vapour leaves the solution. It moves away and is cooled and condensed.
The remaining solution becomes more concentrated as the amount of solvent in it decreases.

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13
Q

what is fractional distillation

A

Fractional distillation is used to separate different liquids from a mixture of liquids.

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14
Q

what is chromatography

A

Paper chromatography is used to separate mixtures of soluble substances. These are often coloured substances such as food colourings, inks, dyes or plant pigments.

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15
Q

what were atoms originally thought to be

A

Before the discovery of the electron, atoms were thought to be tiny spheres that could not be divided.

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16
Q

what did the discovery of an electron lead to and who created it

A

thomsons discovery of the electron led to the plum pudding model of the atom. The plum pudding model suggested that the atom is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it

17
Q

what were the results from the alpha particle scattering experiment

A

The results from the alpha particle scattering experiment led to the conclusion that the mass of an atom was concentrated at the centre (nucleus) and that the nucleus was charged. This nuclear model
replaced the plum pudding mode

18
Q

how do you find the number of protons

A

the atomic number

19
Q

how do you find the number of neutrons

A

mass number - atomic number

20
Q

what is the radius of an atom

A

1 x 10-10 m

21
Q

what is the radius of the nucleus

A

1 x 10-14 m

22
Q

what is the relative mass of a proton

A

1

23
Q

what is the relative mass of a neutron

A

1

24
Q

what is the relative mass of an electron

A

very small

25
Q

what is an isotope

A

Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of
neutrons but the same number of protons