C1- APPLY BASIC PHARMACOLOGY PRINCIPLES TO MEDICATION MANAGEMENT Flashcards
What is Pharmacokinetics?
the process of drug movement throughout the body that is necessary to achieve drug action
A.D.M.E stand for?
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism (biotransformation)
Excretion (elimination)
What is pharmacodynamics?
The study of the effects on the body:
-Intended
-Unintended
-Bioavailability
What is bioavailability?
Onset/peak/duration
Therapeutic index
What is pharmacogenetics?
the study of genetic factors that influence an individual’s response to specific drugs
What is the enteral route of administration?
Into the GI tract (80%)
-oral
-gastric
What is the parenteral route of administration?
Not into the GI tract
-Intramuscular
-Subcutaneous
-Intradermal
-intravenous
What may be some other routes of administration?
Topical
Ocular
Transdermal
Rectal/Vaginal
Sublingual/Buccal
Pulmonary
What are excipients?
inert fillers
What should be considered about administration with enteric coated/sustained release?
Do not crush or chew
scored tablets may be cut
What is the difference between enteric coated and sustained release tablets?
enteric coated- disintegration in stomach
sustained release- breaks down slowly over time
What action do lipid soluble medications take?
Rapidly pass through the membrane
What action do water soluble drugs take?
Need carrier (enzyme or protein)
What is the process of absorption?
Into the bloodstream (across membranes)
What is the difference between active and passive transport?
active transport requires ATP, passive does not.
What body process increases absorption?
Blood flow
What are some absorption interactions affected by?
Other medications
GI Bacteria
Food
Lifespan
Bioavailability of a drug can be affected by?
Drug form
Route
Liver function (metabolism)
Distribution can be influenced by?
Protein binding
Blood flow
Barriers (blood brain barrier, placental barrier, fat soluble storage)
Protein binding is described as:
As a free drug leaves circulation- protein bound medication is released
A bound drug is
inactive drug
A free drug is
Active drug
What do free drugs do?
Free drugs are able to exit blood vessels and reach their sit of action causing a pharmacologic response
What is competitive binding and why is it bad?
Major cause of drug-drug interactions:
two highly protein bound drugs result in higher free drug d/t limited number of protein binding sites
