C1- APPLY BASIC PHARMACOLOGY PRINCIPLES TO MEDICATION MANAGEMENT

Question 1

What is Pharmacokinetics?

Answer 1

the process of drug movement throughout the body that is necessary to achieve drug action

Question 2

A.D.M.E stand for?

Answer 2

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism (biotransformation)
Excretion (elimination)

Question 3

What is pharmacodynamics?

Answer 3

The study of the effects on the body:
-Intended
-Unintended
-Bioavailability

Question 4

What is bioavailability?

Answer 4

Onset/peak/duration
Therapeutic index

Question 5

What is pharmacogenetics?

Answer 5

the study of genetic factors that influence an individual’s response to specific drugs

Question 6

What is the enteral route of administration?

Answer 6

Into the GI tract (80%)
-oral
-gastric

Question 7

What is the parenteral route of administration?

Answer 7

Not into the GI tract
-Intramuscular
-Subcutaneous
-Intradermal
-intravenous

Question 8

What may be some other routes of administration?

Answer 8

Topical
Ocular
Transdermal
Rectal/Vaginal
Sublingual/Buccal
Pulmonary

Question 9

What are excipients?

Answer 9

inert fillers

Question 10

What should be considered about administration with enteric coated/sustained release?

Answer 10

Do not crush or chew
scored tablets may be cut

Question 11

What is the difference between enteric coated and sustained release tablets?

Answer 11

enteric coated- disintegration in stomach
sustained release- breaks down slowly over time

Question 12

What action do lipid soluble medications take?

Answer 12

Rapidly pass through the membrane

Question 13

What action do water soluble drugs take?

Answer 13

Need carrier (enzyme or protein)

Question 14

What is the process of absorption?

Answer 14

Into the bloodstream (across membranes)

Question 15

What is the difference between active and passive transport?

Answer 15

active transport requires ATP, passive does not.

Question 16

What body process increases absorption?

Answer 16

Blood flow

Question 17

What are some absorption interactions affected by?

Answer 17

Other medications
GI Bacteria
Food
Lifespan

Question 18

Bioavailability of a drug can be affected by?

Answer 18

Drug form
Route
Liver function (metabolism)

Question 19

Distribution can be influenced by?

Answer 19

Protein binding
Blood flow
Barriers (blood brain barrier, placental barrier, fat soluble storage)

Question 20

Protein binding is described as:

Answer 20

As a free drug leaves circulation- protein bound medication is released

Question 21

A bound drug is

Answer 21

inactive drug

Question 22

A free drug is

Answer 22

Active drug

Question 23

What do free drugs do?

Answer 23

Free drugs are able to exit blood vessels and reach their sit of action causing a pharmacologic response

Question 24

What is competitive binding and why is it bad?

Answer 24

Major cause of drug-drug interactions:
two highly protein bound drugs result in higher free drug d/t limited number of protein binding sites

Question 25

Adding a drug with another protein bound drug can

Answer 25

increase original medication effect

Question 26

Stopping a medication may

Answer 26

decrease the remaining medication effect

Question 27

What is the primary site of metabolism?

Answer 27

liver
-enzymes
-hepatic first pass effect