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Chemistry > C1 - Air quality > Flashcards

C1 - Air quality Flashcards

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1
Q

Dry air contains

21% -

A

Oxygen O2

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2
Q

Dry air contains

1% - And small amounts of other gasses

A

Argon (Ar)

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3
Q

oxygen gas + most metal =

A

Solid metal oxides

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4
Q

Dry air contains

78% -

A

Nitrogen (N2)

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5
Q

When was the earths atmosphere formed?

A

4 billion yrs ago

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6
Q

How was the atmosphere formed?

A
  • Gasses came from the volcanoes
  • As the atmosphere cooled the gasses condensed forming the sea.
  • 3 billion yrs later bacteria evolved (photosynthesis) removing the CO2 from the atmosphere.
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7
Q

How are fossil fuels made?

A

Dead plants and animals are buried. As they get buried deeper under more dead animals and plants the pressure grows fossil fuels are eventually made.

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8
Q

How was sedimentary rock formed?

A

Carbon dioxide dissolve in the sea reacts with the salt = calcium carbonate. This forms sediment, which gets buried and cemented. Forming sedimentary rock.

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9
Q

Examples of fossil fuels

A

Gas, oil, coal

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10
Q

What are pollutants?

A

Gasses that are harmful to your health.

e.g. Carbon dioxide/ monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide

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11
Q

Examples of polutants

A

e.g. Carbon dioxide/ monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide

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12
Q

What are particulates?

A

Particles released from burning fuel that float in the air. E.g. Carbon (soot)

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13
Q

What makes acid rain?

A

Sulphur dioxide + nitrogen = acid rain

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14
Q

Sulphur dioxide in the air can trigger…

A

Asthma

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15
Q

What does ppm/ ppb stand for?

A

Parts per million/ billion

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16
Q

Only contains Carbon + hydrogen atoms:

A

Hydrocarbons

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17
Q

Give examples of hydrocarbons

A

Petrol
Diesel
Fuel oil

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18
Q

Hydrocarbons + oxygen =

A

Carbon dioxide + water (+energy)

19
Q

+ O2 =

A

Oxidisation

20
Q
  • O2
A

Reduction

21
Q

O2 reaction =

A

Combustion

22
Q

What happen to atoms in a reaction?

A

They can rearrange but not change.

23
Q

In a reaction atoms of non- metal elements join to form to make

A

Molecules

24
Q

What happen to elements in a reaction?

A

They rearrange = new compound

Reactants are rearranged to new products with different properties.

25
Q
  • It is an indirect polutant
  • When burned it produces a colourless gas
  • can be found in coal

What is it?

A

Sulphur

26
Q

How is carbon monoxide formed?

A

When a fuel is burned but there is not enough O2 available. - at a very high temperature.

27
Q

What pollutants do car engines let out?

A

Nitrogen oxide

Carbon dioxide …

28
Q

NO and NO2 are both found in the atmosphere, which one makes acid rain?

A

NO

29
Q

What is Wet scrubbing

A

What is it called when sulphur dioxide is removed from power station waste, using the alkaline slurry, gypsum ( calcium +water)
Or sea water ( natural alkaline)

30
Q

What is flue gas desulphurisation?

A

Removing sulphur dioxide from waste gasses.

31
Q

Does gas or coal produce more carbon dioxide?

A

Coal

32
Q

What do catalytic converters do?

A

Allow pollutant gasses to react with each other. CO+ NO = N+CO2
Which is less harmful.

33
Q

What is it called when sulphur dioxide is removed from power station waste, using the alkaline slurry, gypsum ( calcium +water)
Or sea water ( natural alkaline)

A

Wet scrubbing

34
Q

What was it that gave scientists evidence to say the early atmosphere was mostly made up of co2?

A

Recent rock composition discoveries.

35
Q

What did scientist 60 yrs ago think the early atmosphere was made up of?

A

Ammonia and methane.

36
Q

How is CO2 measured? What are other pollutant gasses measured in?

A

In parts per million (ppm)
1ppm = there is 1 gram of pollutant substance in 1million grams of air.

Other pollutants are measured in parts per billion (ppb)

37
Q

Give an example of pollutants which affect us directly and indirectly

A 
Directly= carbon monoxide poisoning
Indirectly= acid rain harms the enviro. But affects our crops.
38
Q

What are some pros of using pure oxygen to react with a fuel?

A

Burns rapidly.

Burns at a higher temperature.

39
Q

What happens to the mass in a chemical reaction?

A

Stays the same because the atoms are just rearranging.

40
Q

Give 5 the properties of sulphur:

A
  • yellow solid
  • colourless gas
  • insoluble
  • sulphur dioxide dissolved in rain = acid rain
  • coal contains the most sulphur
41
Q

Why do air quality measurements vary?

A

Results vary due to the conditions and varying weather.

E.g. Dry, hot, calm days = pollutants are trapped in the city.

42
Q

What is incomplete combustion?

A

A reaction with insufficient oxygen.

Carbon monoxide and particles are formed during incomplete combustion. It is toxic.

43
Q

What was it that gave scientists evidence to say the early atmosphere was mostly made up of co2?

A

Recent rock composition discoveries.

44
Q

What did scientist 60 yrs ago think the early atmosphere was made up of?

A

Ammonia and methane.

Chemistry (5 decks)

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