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OCR chemistry > C1 > Flashcards

C1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the force between the particles in a solid?

A

A strong force, holding them in fixed positions and a regular lattice arrangement

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2
Q

Why do all solids keep a definite shape and volume?

A

The particles don’t move from their fixed positions

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3
Q

What are particles in a solid constantly doing, and what happens if you heat a solid?

A

They are constantly vibrating about their positions - the hotter a solid becomes, the more it vibrates

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4
Q

What happens when a solid is heated/vibrates more?

A

It expands slightly

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5
Q

What is the force between the particles in a liquid?

A

There is some force of attraction between the particles, allowing them to freely move past each other but they do tend to stick together

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6
Q

How do liquids behave in a container?

A

They don’t keep a definite shape and so flow to fill the bottom of their container. However, they keep the same volume.

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7
Q

What is the force between the particles in a gas?

A

There is no force of attraction between the particles, meaning that they are free to move. They travel in straight lines and only interact when they collide.

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8
Q

How do gases behave in a container?

A

They don’t keep a definite shape or volume and will always fill any container.

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9
Q

What do gas particles do when they bounce off of the walls of their container?

A

They exert pressure

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10
Q

What happens when a gas is heated?

A

The particles, which are moving constantly, move faster. They either expand when heated, or their pressure increases.

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11
Q

What are the issues with the “particle theory” model?

A

The model doesn’t show forces between particles.

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12
Q

What is a physical change?

A

When a substance changes from one state of matter to another. No new substances are made - the original chemicals just change state.

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13
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

Bonds between atoms break and atoms change places - the atoms from the substances you start off with (reactants) rearrange themselves to form different chemicals (products).

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14
Q

How did John Dalton describe atoms?

A

He described them as solid spheres and said that different spheres made different elements.

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15
Q

What did JJ Thomson’s experiments and measurements show him?

A

His measurements of charge and mass showed that an atom contained small, negatively charged particles - electrons.

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16
Q

What was JJ Thomson’s model known as?

A

The Plum Pudding Model

17
Q

What experiment did Ernest Rutherford, Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden conduct?

A

The gold foil experiment - they fired positively charged alpha particles at an extremely thin sheet of gold

18
Q

What did Rutherford expect from his experiment?

A

He assumed that the particles would pass straight through, or slightly deflected at most.

19
Q

What actually happened in the gold foil experiment?

A

Most of the particles went straight throw the sheet, but some were deflected (more than expected), and a small number were deflected backwards. This showed that the plum pudding model couldn’t be right.

20
Q

What theory did Rutherford create as a result of his work?

A

The theory of the nuclear atom. He said that there was a tiny, positively charged nucleus at the centre, surrounded by a “cloud” of negative electrons.

21
Q

What did Niels Bohr propose?

A

He suggested that the electrons in an atom were contained in shells.

22
Q

What is the relative mass and charge of a proton?

A

Charge: +1

23
Q

What is the relative mass and charge of a neutron?

A

Charge: 0

24
Q

What is the relative mass and charge of an electron?

A

Charge: -1

25
Q

What is the radius of an atom?

A

10^-10 metres

26
Q

What is a molecule?

A

Something that is made up of two or more atoms. They can be made of the same element, or different elements.

27
Q

What is the mass number and atomic number?

A

Atomic number: number of protons

28
Q

When do ions form?

A

When atoms (or groups of atoms) gain or lose electrons

29
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Different forms of the same element, which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

30
Q

What does the atomic number of an atom decide?

A

The element

OCR chemistry (6 decks)

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