C1 Flashcards
What subatomic particles are in the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and neutrons
What charge do protons have?
Positive, +1
What charge do neutrons have?
Neutral, 0
What charge do electrons have?
Negative, -1
What is the mass number of an element?
Top number, Number of protons + neutrons
What is the atomic number of an element?
Bottom number, Number of protons (which is equal to the number of electrons)
What happens to an atom if electrons are added/removed?
It becomes an ion and becomes charged (atoms have no charge)
What is the link between group number in the periodic table with the shells of an element?
The group number is the same as the number of electrons in the outer shell
How many electrons fit in each shell?
2 in the 1st shell, 8 in the 2nd shell, 8 in the 3rd shell
If the mass number of fluorine is 19 and the atomic number is 9, how many electrons will be in each shell
2,7
What is limestone?
A type of sedimentary rock that has been formed over millions of years
What type of bond is it if a compound of two non-metals is formed?
Covalent bond
What type of bond is it if a compound of a non metal and a metal is formed?
Ionic bond
What type of bond is it if a compound of 2 metals is formed?
Metallic bond
What scientific name does limestone have?
Calcium Carbonate?
What is the work equation for when limestone is thermally decomposed?
Calcium Carbonate –> Calcium Oxide + Carbon Dioxide
Why is limestone a good building material?
It lasts for a very long time, it dries very quickly and almost instantly goes solid. It can be carved into different shapes and is less expensive than other building materials (e.g.granite)
Advantages of quarrying limestone:
Provides houses and roads
Provides jobs
Brings money to local economy
Disadvantages of quarrying limestone:
Causes pollution
Makes a mess of the countryside
Destroys habitats
Give 2 ways that metal can be extracted from their ore
In a chemical reaction, reduction using carbon (depending on its place in the Reactivity Series)
Electrolysis (if the element is above Carbon in the Reactivity Series)
Why are metals extracted from their ores?
Money, if no money is made then it won’t be done and if it is expensive it won’t be done
Which metal extraction method is more expensive and why?
Electrolysis is more expensive as it uses much more energy than reduction
Give 2 advantages of metal extraction
Makes useful products such as knives etc..
Creates jobs and provides money for local economies
Give 2 disadvantages of metal extraction
Terrible for the environment with noise pollution
Loss of habitats
Dangerously deep mine shafts
What is bioleaching?
Separates copper from copper sulphide using bacteria. The bacteria gets energy from the bond between copper and sulphur, they then separate the copper from the ore during this. Bacteria produce a (leachate) solution that contains copper
What is phytomyning?
Plants are grown in soil that contains copper. Plants can’t get rid of it so it eventually builds up on the leaves which are then harvested, dried and burned in a furnace
What is an ore?
A metal ore is a rock which contains enough of a certain metal to make it worthwhile extracting
