C1 Flashcards
Describe the structure of an atom.
Central nucleus surrounded by electrons
What is an element?
a substance only made from one atom
Explain what a group is in the periodic table
A column containing elements with similar properties.
What information does C6H12O6 (Glucose) tell you?
Each molecule contains six atoms of carbon, twelve atoms of of hydrogen and six atoms of oxygen.
What happens to electrons when chemical bonds form?
They are moved from one atom to another, or shared between two atoms.
Name advantages and disadvantages of quarrying limestone.
Advantages Local employment, Produces useful raw material. Disadvantages, Noisy Dusty Reduce tourist trade.
Suggest why the demand for limestone increases when large buildings projects start e.g 2012 Olympic games.
Blocks of limestone is used in building materials
crushed limestone chippings are used for road building.
Word equation for Limestone/Thermal decomposition.
Calcium carbonate –> Calcium oxide + Carbon dioxide.
What is an ore?
A rock or mineral that contains enough metal to make it worthwhile extracting the metal.
Why can you extract lead oxide by reduction with carbon, but you could not extract aluminium from aluminium oxide this way?
Lead is less reactive than carbon
aluminium is more reactive than carbon.
why does iron straight from the blast furnace have few uses?
It is 96% iron,
The impurities it contains makes it hard but brittle.
What is alloy?
A mixture of a metal with a non-metal or other metals.
Explain why alloys are harder than the pure metals they contain
In a pure metal the layers of atoms can slide over each other easily. In an alloy, the different sized atoms distort the regular arrangement of atoms so that the layers do not slide over each other easily.
suggest why carbon steel isn’t suitable for making car body panels.
High carbon steel is hard
It would be difficult to press into shape.
What makes copper useful for plumbing?
It doesn’t react with water.
Easily bent into shape
explain why it is expensive to extract titanium and aluminium from their ores.
a lot of energy is needed to extract them , titanium is extracted in several steps
Aluminium is extracted using electricity.
A new way of extracting titanium has been discovered.
suggest why is it should be more available in the future.
Just one step should reduce the cost of extracting titanium
if Titanium is cheaper it should be used more widely.
What is a hydrocarbon
A compound of hydrogen and carbon only.
Molecular formula for hexane which contains 6 carbon atoms.
C6 H14
explain how crude oil can b separated into fractions.
The crude oil is heated to evaporate it then allowed to condense at different temperatures
Explain why fractions from the top half of the fractional column are more useful as fuels than those from the bottom half.
The fractions at the top alkanes which are runnier and easy to ignite.
5 products of combustion
Water vapour, Carbon dioxide carbon monoxide particles sulfur dioxide.
difference between complete and incomplete combustion.
complete- happens when there is plenty of air
incomplete - not enough air
carbon monoxide is produces instead of carbon dioxide in incomplete combustion.
Scientists believe that global dimming has helped to reduce global warming over the past few decades. suggest what could happen as fewer particles are emitted when fuels are used.
fewer particle will cause global dimming to decrease
more sunlight will reach the earths surface, increasing the amount of thermal energy that could be trapped by the atmosphere.
