C1

Question 1

Where is the nucleus located inside an atom?

Answer 1

In the middle

Question 2

What charge do Protons, Neutrons and Electrons have?

Answer 2

Proton=Positive Neutrons=Neutral Electrons=Negative

Question 3

The number of Protons=

Answer 3

The number of Electrons

Question 4

What is C?

Answer 4

Carbon

Question 5

What is O?

Answer 5

Oxygen

Question 6

What is Fe?

Answer 6

Iron

Question 7

How reactive are Group 1 elements?

Answer 7

Very reactive

Question 8

How reactive are Group 0 elements?

Answer 8

Unreactive

Question 9

What number of electrons are allowed in the 1st,2nd and 3rd shells?

Answer 9

1st=2 2nd=8 3rd=8

Question 10

What is the electronic structure for nitrogen?

Answer 10

2,5

Question 11

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 11

Giving or receiving electrons, opposite charges of the ions attract

Question 12

What type of ions do metals form?

Answer 12

Positive

Question 13

What type of ions do non metals form?

Answer 13

Negative

Question 14

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 14

Sharing electrons

Question 15

Are the properties of compounds the same or different to the original elements?

Answer 15

Different

Question 16

What does a formula show?

Answer 16

What atoms are in a compound

Question 17

Carbon + Oxygen —–>

Answer 17

Carbon Dioxide

Question 18

What is limestone?

Answer 18

Calcium Carbonate

Question 19

when limestone thermally decomposes what does it produce?

Answer 19

Calcium Oxide and Carbon Dioxide

Question 20

What has calcium carbonate reacted with if calcium sulphate + carbon dioxide + water have been produced?

Answer 20

Sulfuric Acid

Question 21

What other carbonates also react with acids and thermally decompose, other than calcium carbonate?

Answer 21

Magnesium, Copper, Zinc and Sodium

Question 22

What does calcium carbonate and water produce?

Answer 22

Calcium Hydroxide

Question 23

What is a use of Calcium Hydroxide?

Answer 23

Neutralising acidic soils

Question 24

If Calcium Hydroxide can neutralise acidic soil what must it be?

Answer 24

An alkali

Question 25

What can Calcium Hydroxide test for?

Answer 25

Carbon dioxide

Question 26

What is the name for the solution of calcium hydroxide and water?

Answer 26

Limewater

Question 27

What can powered limestone be turned into?

Answer 27

Cement

Question 28

What can cement be used to produce?

Answer 28

Concrete

Question 29

When limewater turns cloudy what does that mean?

Answer 29

Carbon Dioxide is present

Question 30

What does the carbon dioxide turn into when it is added to limewater?

Answer 30

Calcium carbonate

Question 31

What are the three stages of the limestone cycle?

Answer 31

Heat, add water and carbonated

Question 32

What is limestone damaged by?

Answer 32

Acid rain

Question 33

What are five environmental problems of mining limestone?

Answer 33

Produces ugly holes, makes a lot of noise and dust, destroys habitats, waste produces tips.

Question 34

What two problems are caused by making things out of limestone?

Answer 34

Cement factories create dust and cause breathing problems, energy is needed usually from burning fossil fuels

Question 35

What are five positives of limestone?

Answer 35

Produces useful products, neutralises acidic soil, neutralise sulphur dioxide, creates jobs and restoration of the quarry area

Question 36

What is meant by the term ore?

Answer 36

A rock which contains enough metal to make it worthwhile extracting the metal from it

Question 37

What is the main aluminium ore?

Answer 37

Bauxite

Question 38

Name how the economics of extracting metal can change?

Answer 38

Market price can drop or rise making it either better or worse to extract it. Technology can improve to allow more metal to be extracted

Question 39

Name two ways metal can be extracted?

Answer 39

Reduction and electrolysis

Question 40

What prevents metal being extracted by carbon?

Answer 40

Being more reactive than carbon

Question 41

Name a metal that can be reduced with carbon?

Answer 41

Zinc, Iron, Tin or copper

Question 42

Name a metal that cannot be reduced with carbon?

Answer 42

Aluminium, magnesium, calcium, sodium or potassium

Question 43

How does reduction work?

Answer 43

Metal ore is reacted with carbon which takes the oxygen away from the ore to leave a pure metal

Question 44

Which process, reduction or electrolysis is more expensive?

Answer 44

Electrolysis

Question 45

What is one reason for electrolysis being so expensive?

Answer 45

Uses a lot more energy, needs to be at a higher temperature

Question 46

Copper is .............. by electrolysis

Answer 46

Purified

Question 47

What does electrolysis mean?

Answer 47

Splitting up with electricity

Question 48

What is a requirement for electrolysis?

Answer 48

Electrolyte to conduct electricity

Question 49

What happens to the anode and cathode in electrolysis?

Answer 49

The loses mass and the cathode gains mass

Question 50

What is the anode and cathodes made from?

Answer 50

The anode is made of impure metal and the cathode is made of pure metal

Question 51

What is a way to extract metal other than electrolysis or reduction?

Answer 51

Displacement

Question 52

What metal can be used to displace copper sulphate and why?

Answer 52

Scrap iron, because iron is more reactive than copper

Question 53

How does a displacement reaction work?

Answer 53

a more reactive metal is added to a less reactive metal solution, the more reactive metal bonds stronger the non-metal part of the solution and kicks out the less reactive metal.

Question 54

What are two modern ways to extract copper from low grade ores?

Answer 54

Bioleaching and Phytomining

Question 55

Explain Bioleaching

Answer 55

Bacteria is used to separate copper and copper sulfate. The bacteria get energy from the bond between copper and sulphur, separating the copper from the ore in the process. The leachate (waste solution) can be filtered and copper obtained

Question 56

Explain Phytomining

Answer 56

Growing plants in soil which contains copper, the plants cant use the copper so it builds up. Then you harvest, dry and burn the plant. Copper can then be collected from the ash.

Question 57

What is an advantage and disadvantage to phytomining and bioleaching?

Answer 57

Smaller impact on the environment. | Slow to produce copper.