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Chemistry C1 > C1 > Flashcards

C1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is the nucleus located inside an atom?

A

In the middle

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2
Q

What charge do Protons, Neutrons and Electrons have?

A

Proton=Positive Neutrons=Neutral Electrons=Negative

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3
Q

The number of Protons=

A

The number of Electrons

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4
Q

What is C?

A

Carbon

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5
Q

What is O?

A

Oxygen

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6
Q

What is Fe?

A

Iron

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7
Q

How reactive are Group 1 elements?

A

Very reactive

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8
Q

How reactive are Group 0 elements?

A

Unreactive

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9
Q

What number of electrons are allowed in the 1st,2nd and 3rd shells?

A

1st=2 2nd=8 3rd=8

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10
Q

What is the electronic structure for nitrogen?

A

2,5

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11
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

Giving or receiving electrons, opposite charges of the ions attract

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12
Q

What type of ions do metals form?

A

Positive

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13
Q

What type of ions do non metals form?

A

Negative

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14
Q

What is covalent bonding?

A

Sharing electrons

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15
Q

Are the properties of compounds the same or different to the original elements?

A

Different

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16
Q

What does a formula show?

A

What atoms are in a compound

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17
Q

Carbon + Oxygen —–>

A

Carbon Dioxide

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18
Q

What is limestone?

A

Calcium Carbonate

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19
Q

when limestone thermally decomposes what does it produce?

A

Calcium Oxide and Carbon Dioxide

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20
Q

What has calcium carbonate reacted with if calcium sulphate + carbon dioxide + water have been produced?

A

Sulfuric Acid

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21
Q

What other carbonates also react with acids and thermally decompose, other than calcium carbonate?

A

Magnesium, Copper, Zinc and Sodium

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22
Q

What does calcium carbonate and water produce?

A

Calcium Hydroxide

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23
Q

What is a use of Calcium Hydroxide?

A

Neutralising acidic soils

24
Q

If Calcium Hydroxide can neutralise acidic soil what must it be?

A

An alkali

25
Q

What can Calcium Hydroxide test for?

A

Carbon dioxide

26
Q

What is the name for the solution of calcium hydroxide and water?

A

Limewater

27
Q

What can powered limestone be turned into?

A

Cement

28
Q

What can cement be used to produce?

A

Concrete

29
Q

When limewater turns cloudy what does that mean?

A

Carbon Dioxide is present

30
Q

What does the carbon dioxide turn into when it is added to limewater?

A

Calcium carbonate

31
Q

What are the three stages of the limestone cycle?

A

Heat, add water and carbonated

32
Q

What is limestone damaged by?

A

Acid rain

33
Q

What are five environmental problems of mining limestone?

A

Produces ugly holes, makes a lot of noise and dust, destroys habitats, waste produces tips.

34
Q

What two problems are caused by making things out of limestone?

A

Cement factories create dust and cause breathing problems, energy is needed usually from burning fossil fuels

35
Q

What are five positives of limestone?

A

Produces useful products, neutralises acidic soil, neutralise sulphur dioxide, creates jobs and restoration of the quarry area

36
Q

What is meant by the term ore?

A

A rock which contains enough metal to make it worthwhile extracting the metal from it

37
Q

What is the main aluminium ore?

A

Bauxite

38
Q

Name how the economics of extracting metal can change?

A

Market price can drop or rise making it either better or worse to extract it.
Technology can improve to allow more metal to be extracted

39
Q

Name two ways metal can be extracted?

A

Reduction and electrolysis

40
Q

What prevents metal being extracted by carbon?

A

Being more reactive than carbon

41
Q

Name a metal that can be reduced with carbon?

A

Zinc, Iron, Tin or copper

42
Q

Name a metal that cannot be reduced with carbon?

A

Aluminium, magnesium, calcium, sodium or potassium

43
Q

How does reduction work?

A

Metal ore is reacted with carbon which takes the oxygen away from the ore to leave a pure metal

44
Q

Which process, reduction or electrolysis is more expensive?

A

Electrolysis

45
Q

What is one reason for electrolysis being so expensive?

A

Uses a lot more energy, needs to be at a higher temperature

46
Q

Copper is ………….. by electrolysis

A

Purified

47
Q

What does electrolysis mean?

A

Splitting up with electricity

48
Q

What is a requirement for electrolysis?

A

Electrolyte to conduct electricity

49
Q

What happens to the anode and cathode in electrolysis?

A

The loses mass and the cathode gains mass

50
Q

What is the anode and cathodes made from?

A

The anode is made of impure metal and the cathode is made of pure metal

51
Q

What is a way to extract metal other than electrolysis or reduction?

A

Displacement

52
Q

What metal can be used to displace copper sulphate and why?

A

Scrap iron, because iron is more reactive than copper

53
Q

How does a displacement reaction work?

A

a more reactive metal is added to a less reactive metal solution, the more reactive metal bonds stronger the non-metal part of the solution and kicks out the less reactive metal.

54
Q

What are two modern ways to extract copper from low grade ores?

A

Bioleaching and Phytomining

55
Q

Explain Bioleaching

A

Bacteria is used to separate copper and copper sulfate. The bacteria get energy from the bond between copper and sulphur, separating the copper from the ore in the process. The leachate (waste solution) can be filtered and copper obtained

56
Q

Explain Phytomining

A

Growing plants in soil which contains copper, the plants cant use the copper so it builds up. Then you harvest, dry and burn the plant. Copper can then be collected from the ash.

57
Q

What is an advantage and disadvantage to phytomining and bioleaching?

A

Smaller impact on the environment.

Slow to produce copper.

Chemistry C1 (1 decks)

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