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Chemistry > C1 > Flashcards

C1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is the atomic number located?

A

At the bottom of the element symbol

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2
Q

What does the mass number tell you?

A

The total number of protons and electrons

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3
Q

What does the atomic number tell you?

A

The number of protons

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4
Q

How do you work out the number of neutrons in the element?

A

Mass number - atomic number

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5
Q

What is a compound?

A

When two or more atoms are chemically combined together. It becomes very difficult to separate them again.

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6
Q

What is a mixture?

A

When two or more substances are mixed together but are easily separated.

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7
Q

Date five facts about the nucleus.

A
  1. It is in the middle of the atom
  2. It contains protons and neutrons
  3. The protons are positively charged
  4. The neutrons have no charge
  5. The nucleus has a positive charge overall
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8
Q

State four facts about the electrons.

A
  1. They move around the nucleus
  2. They are negatively charged
  3. They are tiny but cover a lot of space
  4. They occupy shells around the nucleus
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9
Q

What form columns in the periodic table?

A

The elements with similar properties

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10
Q

What are the columns called?

A

Groups

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11
Q

What do all the elements in the same group have in common?

A

They all have the same number of electrons in their outer shell

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12
Q

What group or the noble gases in?

A

Group 0

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13
Q

What are the properties of the noble gases

A
  1. They all have eight electrons in their outer shell (apart from helium)
  2. This means they all are stable and unreactive
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14
Q

How many electrons are in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd shells in an atom?

A

1st: 2
2nd: 8
3rd: 8

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15
Q

How do atoms make bonds?

A

By taking or sharing electrons

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16
Q

What does a compound formed from a metal and a non-metal consist of?

A

Ions

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17
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

When two non-metals share electrons with each other

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18
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

When a metal atom loses, and become positively charged, an electron to a non-metal, which becomes negatively charged.

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19
Q

How do we get hold of limestone?

A

Through quarrying

20
Q

What is limestone also known as?

A

Calcium carbonate OR CaCO3

21
Q

What happens when calcium carbonate is heated?

A

It thermally decomposes to make calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.

22
Q

What is thermal decomposition?

A

When one substance chemically change into at least two new substances when it is heated.

23
Q

Calcium carbonate also facts with acid to form?

A

Calcium sulfate, carbon dioxide and water

24
Q

What does the type of salt produced depend on when calcium carbonate is reacted with acid?

A

The type of acid used.

25
Q

What is produced hen calcium oxide reacts with water?

A

Calcium hydroxide

26
Q

What is calcium hydroxide and what can it be used for?

A

It is an alkali and it can be used to neutralise acidic soil in fields.
It can also be used to test for carbon dioxide

27
Q

How can calcium hydroxide be used to test for carbon dioxide?

A

A solution of calcium hydroxide and water (limewater). If a gas is bubbled through it and the solution goes cloudy, carbon dioxide is present.

28
Q

What is produced when carbon hydroxide and carbon dioxide are reacted together?

A

Calcium carbonate and water.

29
Q

What can limestone be used for?

A
  1. Powdered limestone is heated in a kiln with ordered clay to create cement
  2. Cement can be mixed with sand and water to make mortar
  3. Cement can be mixed with sand and aggregate I make concrete
30
Q

What environmental problems does quarrying limestone have?

A
  1. Huge holes are left behind after quarrying
  2. It makes lots of noise and dust in quiet scenic areas
  3. It destroys habitats of animals and birds
  4. It needs to be transported away by lorries which causes more pollution and noise
  5. Waste materials usually produce unsightly tips
31
Q

What are the advantages of limestone?

A
  1. It provides houses, roads, dyes, paints and medicines that are made from limestone
  2. Limestone products are used to neutralise acidic soils
  3. Acidic lakes (caused by acid rain) is also neutralised by limestone products
  4. Used to neutralise soulful dioxide so it gets rid of the cause of acid rain
  5. The quarrying and associated businesses create jobs and bring more money to local economy
  6. Landscaping and restoration happens after quarrying as part of planning permission
32
Q

What are the advantages of limestone products?

A
  1. They are use as building materials
  2. It is widely available and cheaper than marble or granite
  3. It is more hard-wearing than marble or granite
  4. It is a quick and easy way to construct buildings
  5. Cement, concrete and limestone don’t rot
  6. Concrete does not corrode
  7. They are fire-resistant
33
Q

What are the disadvantages of limestone products?

A
  1. Concrete is not a very attractive material

2. Concrete has a low tensile strength and it can crack. It is reinforced with steel bars to make it stronger

34
Q

What is a metal ore?

A

A rock that contains enough metal to make it worthwhile extracting metal from it.

35
Q

How does the profitability of metal extraction change over time?

A
  1. If market price drops over time, then it may not be worthwhile extracting metal from its ore. If the price increases it will become more worthwhile.
  2. As technology improves, it becomes more possible to extract more metal from ores, so now it may be worth extracting metal that wasn’t worth extracting in the past.
36
Q

How are metals extracted from their ores?

A
  1. They can be extracted chemically through reduction or electrolysis
  2. Electrolysis can be used to purify extracted metals
  3. Some ores have to be concentrated before the metal is extracted.
37
Q

How are some metals extracted by reduction with carbon?

A
  1. When an ore is reduced, oxygen is removed from it
  2. The position of the metal in the reactivity series determines whether it can be extracted by reduction with carbon
  3. Metals higher that carbon have to be extracted using electrolysis
  4. Metals lower than carbon can be reduced with carbon. This is because carbon can only be used to take away the oxygen from metals which are less reactive than carbon itself
38
Q

What metal can be purified by electrolysis?

A

Copper

39
Q

How is copper purified?

A
  1. Copper can be extracted by reduction with carbon but it is not always pure.
  2. Electrolysis is used to purify it (although expensive) echo produces pure copper.
40
Q

Why is copper purified?

A

Impure copper does not conduct electricity very well, which isn’t very useful as it is used in electrical wiring. It is purified to make it a better conductor

41
Q

What does electrolysis mean?

A

Splitting up with electricity.

42
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

A liquid that conducts electricity in the process of electrolysis.

43
Q

How does the electrolyte conduct electricity?

A

It contains free ions

44
Q

What happens during the process of electrolysis?

A

Electrons are taken away by the positive electrode and given away by the negative electrode. As ions gain or lose electrons they become atoms or molecules and are released.

45
Q

How is electrolysis used to get pure copper?

A
  1. Electrons are pulled off copper atoms at the onsite electrode, causing the to go into the solution as copper 2+ ions
  2. Cu 2+ ions near negative electrode gain electrons and turn back into copper atoms
  3. The impurities are dropped at the positive electrode as sludge and pure copper atoms bond to the negative electrode.
46
Q

Where is the mass number located?

A

At the top of the element symbol?

Chemistry (5 decks)

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