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Chemistry C1 Revision cards > C1 > Flashcards

C1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Name 3 fossil fuels?

A

Crude oil
Coal
Natural gases

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2
Q

how long does it take for fossil fuels to form and how do they form?

A

It takes millions of years

formed naturally

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3
Q

Are fossil fuels renewable or non-renewable?

A

Non-renewable

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4
Q

why are fossil fuels non renewable?

A

because they are used up much faster than new ones are supplied.

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5
Q

Are fossil fuels easily extracted?

A

yes

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6
Q

What are scientists now looking for in terms of crude oil?

A

alternatives.

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7
Q

Where is crude oil found?

A

in the earth crust

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8
Q

how does crude oil get to the surface?

A

it gets to the surface by being pumped to the surface

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9
Q

How is crude oil transported to refineries?

A

through pipelines or in oil tankers

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10
Q

How can oil affect wildlife?

A

birds - the birds feathers get stuck together and the birds may die.

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11
Q

What is crude oil made up of?

A

Crude oil is made up of many hydrocarbons

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12
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A hydrocarbon is a molecule that contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms.

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13
Q

different hydrocarbons have different boiling points, but what does this mean?

A

This means that the crude oil can be separated into useful fractions (parts) that contain mixtures of hydrocarbons with similar boiling points.

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14
Q

What is the process that separates the hydrocarbons into different boiling points called?

A

Fractional Distillation

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15
Q

where is the crude oil heated

A

In a fractionating column.

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16
Q

what does the column have?

A

a temperature gradient

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17
Q

What does the temperature gradient make?

A

the temperature makes it hotter at the bottom than the top

18
Q

fractions with low boiling points leave at which point of the fractionating column?

A

at the top.

19
Q

fractions with high boiling points leave at which point of the fractionating column?

A

at the bottom.

20
Q

one fraction is called LPG what is its lengthened name?

A

Liquefied Petroleum Gas

21
Q

What does LPG contain?

A

It contains propane and butane, gases at room temperature and are bottled.

22
Q

LPG is at the top of the fractionating column, What is the hydrocarbon at 70*c?

A

petrol (gasoline)

23
Q

What is the hydrocarbon at 180*c?

A

paraffin (kerosene)

24
Q

What is the hydrocarbon at 260*c?

A

diesel

25
Q

What is the hydrocarbon at 300*c?

A

Lubricating oil

26
Q

What is the hydrocarbon at over 400*c?

A

Bitumen

27
Q

When the crude oil goes through the heater what does it come out as?

A

Crude oil vapour

28
Q

at the bottom of the fractionating column what kind of hydrocarbon molecules are there?

A

long chain hydrocarbon molecules

29
Q

at the top of the fractionating column what kind of hydrocarbon molecules are there?

A

Short chain hydrocarbon molecules

30
Q

What can hydrocarbon molecules be described as?

A

Alkenes and Alkanes

31
Q

What can larger alkane molecules be broken down into?

A

they can be broken down into smaller , more useful, alkane and alkene molecules.

32
Q

what is cracking?

A

cracking is the break down of long chain hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful short chain molecules. This is an industrial process.

33
Q

what does cracking need to be successful?

A

A catalyst
A high temperature
A high pressure.

34
Q

When cracking is carried out in a laboratory what is one of the conditions needed?

A

atmospheric pressure

35
Q

Cracking is used to make more…..

finish this sentance.

A

petrol from naptha

36
Q

it can also be used to make alkene molecules that may be used to make…
what is the missing word.

A

Polymers.

37
Q

Is there pressure on there limited resources?

A

yes.

38
Q

Is there enough petrol in crude oil to meet demands

A

no.

39
Q

Why is crude oil often the source of conflict between countries?

A

oil is very valuable

40
Q

in a hydrocarbon molecule there is strong covalent bond, where are they?

A

they are between atoms in the molecule.

Chemistry C1 Revision cards (1 decks)

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