C1 Flashcards
Name 3 fossil fuels?
Crude oil
Coal
Natural gases
how long does it take for fossil fuels to form and how do they form?
It takes millions of years
formed naturally
Are fossil fuels renewable or non-renewable?
Non-renewable
why are fossil fuels non renewable?
because they are used up much faster than new ones are supplied.
Are fossil fuels easily extracted?
yes
What are scientists now looking for in terms of crude oil?
alternatives.
Where is crude oil found?
in the earth crust
how does crude oil get to the surface?
it gets to the surface by being pumped to the surface
How is crude oil transported to refineries?
through pipelines or in oil tankers
How can oil affect wildlife?
birds - the birds feathers get stuck together and the birds may die.
What is crude oil made up of?
Crude oil is made up of many hydrocarbons
What is a hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon is a molecule that contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms.
different hydrocarbons have different boiling points, but what does this mean?
This means that the crude oil can be separated into useful fractions (parts) that contain mixtures of hydrocarbons with similar boiling points.
What is the process that separates the hydrocarbons into different boiling points called?
Fractional Distillation
where is the crude oil heated
In a fractionating column.
what does the column have?
a temperature gradient
What does the temperature gradient make?
the temperature makes it hotter at the bottom than the top
fractions with low boiling points leave at which point of the fractionating column?
at the top.
fractions with high boiling points leave at which point of the fractionating column?
at the bottom.
one fraction is called LPG what is its lengthened name?
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
What does LPG contain?
It contains propane and butane, gases at room temperature and are bottled.
LPG is at the top of the fractionating column, What is the hydrocarbon at 70*c?
petrol (gasoline)
What is the hydrocarbon at 180*c?
paraffin (kerosene)
What is the hydrocarbon at 260*c?
diesel
What is the hydrocarbon at 300*c?
Lubricating oil
What is the hydrocarbon at over 400*c?
Bitumen
When the crude oil goes through the heater what does it come out as?
Crude oil vapour
at the bottom of the fractionating column what kind of hydrocarbon molecules are there?
long chain hydrocarbon molecules
at the top of the fractionating column what kind of hydrocarbon molecules are there?
Short chain hydrocarbon molecules
What can hydrocarbon molecules be described as?
Alkenes and Alkanes
What can larger alkane molecules be broken down into?
they can be broken down into smaller , more useful, alkane and alkene molecules.
what is cracking?
cracking is the break down of long chain hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful short chain molecules. This is an industrial process.
what does cracking need to be successful?
A catalyst
A high temperature
A high pressure.
When cracking is carried out in a laboratory what is one of the conditions needed?
atmospheric pressure
Cracking is used to make more…..
finish this sentance.
petrol from naptha
it can also be used to make alkene molecules that may be used to make…
what is the missing word.
Polymers.
Is there pressure on there limited resources?
yes.
Is there enough petrol in crude oil to meet demands
no.
Why is crude oil often the source of conflict between countries?
oil is very valuable
in a hydrocarbon molecule there is strong covalent bond, where are they?
they are between atoms in the molecule.
