C1 Flashcards
chromatin
thin intertwined strands with genetic material
histone
protein that dna is tightly wrapped around
gene
big chunks of dna found within a chromosome
homologous chormosome
same gene, diff allele
karyotype
When chromosomes are organized based on their length, get paired together which can help identify diseases
somatic cell
body cell, 46 chromosomes
diploid cells
2n, in somatic cells
haploid cells
n, in gametes, 23, divide by meiosis
Exception of haploid cells dividing in mitosis
bees because they come from unfertilized eggs
-Gametophytes
Gametophytes
stage in a plant’s life that makes sperm and eggs.
centromere
holds together 2 sister chromosomes and 2 homologous chromosomes
Gamete
sex cell
Spindle fibre
help separate chromosomes
karyotype pictures
gets taken during metaphase bc they are fully condensed + aligned which is easy to see
division phase
division of chromosomes into daughter nuclei
cytokinesis
division of cytoplasm into duaghter cells
G1
rapid cell growth and cell processes
synthesis
duplication of chromosomes
G2
growth + prep for division
mitosis is for
embryonic development, growth, repair + replace, asexual reproduction
mitosis goal
produce 2 identical daughter cells
cancer
during mitosis, have abnormal # of chroms
asexual reproduction
identical to parent cell, same number of chroms as parent (46)
spermatogenesis
sperm production
oogenesis
each month 1 oocyte undergoes meiosis
monosomy
one side of a specific chrome is missing
trisomy
has 3 copies of a specific chrome, (2n+1)
non-disjunction
when. chroms dont seperate properly during anaphase
cloned animals
develop through mitosis
trisomy 21
down syndrome
trisomy 13
pateu syndrome
restriction enzyme
protein that cuts enzyme at specific places, used for genetic engineering
