C1

Question 1

Define molecular diagnostic

Answer 1

Analyse key DNA, RNA or protein biomarker to identify diseases, determine its course, evaluate response and etc.

Question 2

Biomarker provide what information about a diseases

Answer 2

• Genotypic
• Phenotypic

Question 3

Biomarker become improved tool for

Answer 3

• Drug discovery
• Preclinical drug development
• Patient monitoring during clinical trials

Question 4

Why molecular diagnostic is used

Answer 4

• Specificity
• Sensitivity
• Personalised medicine

Question 5

Explain specificity

Answer 5

• Ability to diagnose test to correctly identify individual that did not have the disease
• Expressed as percentage, indicating the proportion of individuals w/o the disease result in negative

Question 6

Explain sensitivity

Answer 6

• Ability of diagnostic test to correctly identify individual who have a particular disease
• Expressed as percentage indicate the proportion of individual with disease result positive

Question 7

Pros & cons of molecular diagnostic

Answer 7

Pros
- Fast & accurate
- Reduce the chance of cross contamination
- Reduce the number of false negative test

Cons
- Expensive
- Require sophisticated equipment
- Lack validation

Question 8

Goal of personalised medicine

Answer 8

To provide the right treatment to the right patients at the right time, result in better outcomes & reduce cost

Question 9

Define personalised medicine

Answer 9

Approach to health care that uses information about individuals unique genetic, environmental & lifestyle factors to tailor medical treatments & diseases prevention strategies

Question 10

Steps in personalised medicine

Answer 10

• Predictive: anticipate conditions that they most likely to develop
• Participatory: provide actionable info to take active role in treatment
• Preventive: help to take preventive action

Question 11

Define precision medicine

Answer 11

Classified patient with disease into subgroup, considering their phenotypic findings such as biomarker or genomics