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Chemistry > C1 > Flashcards

C1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is on the left of the steps in the periodic table?

A

Metals

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2
Q

What is on the right of the steps on the periodic table?

A

Non metals

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3
Q

What is an element?

A

A small substance that is made up of only one type of atoms

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4
Q

What are vertical columns in a periodic table called?

A

Groups

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5
Q

What are the horizontal rows in a periodic table called?

A

Periods

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6
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass?

A

The total mass of the products formed in a reaction is equal to the total mass of the reactants

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7
Q

What is on the left and what is on the right hand side of a word equation?

A

Reactants on the left
Products on the right

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8
Q

What are the state symbols for liquid, solid, gas and aqueous ?

A

(L) , (s) , (g) , (aq)

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9
Q

Why should all symbol equations be balanced?

A

Because atoms cannot be created or destroyed

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10
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Made up of 2 or more substances that are not chemically combined together

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11
Q

What are the differences between compounds and mixtures?

A

-compounds have a fixed composition mixtures don’t
-chemical reactions must be used to separate the elements in a compound but in a mixtures u can separate using physical techniques
-there are chemical bonds in a compound and there are no chemical bonds in a mixture

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12
Q

Name ways u can separate substances in a mixture?

A

-filtration
-distillation
-chromatography
-crystallisation

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13
Q

What is fractional distillation used for separating?

A

Miscible liquids

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14
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The number of protons in each element

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15
Q

What is the mass number?

A

The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

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16
Q

How do u find the number of neutrons?

A

Number of neutrons=mass number of - atomic number

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17
Q

What is an ion

A

an atom or group of atoms that carries a positive or negative electric charge as a result of having lost or gained one or more electrons

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18
Q

What is an isotope?

A

forms of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

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19
Q

What is the electronic structure?

A

When you write down the numbers in each energy level

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20
Q

What is an atom?

A

An atom is the smallest part of an element that can exist

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21
Q

What is a compound?

A

A pure substance made from more than one type of element chemically combined in a fixed proportion.

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22
Q

What do chemical reactions always involve?

A

The formation of one or more new substances and often involve a detectable energy change

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23
Q

How do you separate compounds?

A

Compounds can only be separated by chemical reactions

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24
Q

Who discovered the electron?

A

J.J. Thomson

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25
Q

Who discovered protons and the nucleus in an atom?

A

Ernest Rutherford

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26
Q

Who discovered neutrons?

A

James Chadwick

27
Q

What is the radius of an atom?

A

0.1nm

28
Q

What are the relative masses of protons , neutrons and electrons

A

Proton-1
Neutron-1
Electron-very small

29
Q

Describe the alpha particle scattering experiment?

A
30
Q

What did the plum pudding model suggest?

A

It suggested that the atom is a ball of positive charge w negative electrons embedding it

31
Q

What conclusion did the alpha scattering experiment lead to?

A

That the mass of an atom was concentrated at the centre and that the nucleus was charged

32
Q

How did niel Bohr adapt the nuclear model?

A

By suggesting that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances

33
Q

What did the positive charge of the nucleus be divided into?

A

It could be subdivided into a whole number of smaller particles,each particle having the same amount of positive charge. The name proton was given to these particles

34
Q

What did James Chadwick’s experiments provide?

A

It provided the evidence to show the existence of neutrons within the nucleus

35
Q

How are the elements in the periodic table arranged?

A

In order of atomic number and so elements with similar properties are in columns,known as groups

36
Q

What do elements in the same group have ?

A

The same number of electrons in the outer shell and this gives them similar chemical properties

37
Q

How were elements arranged before the discovery of protons neutrons and electrons ?

A

By arranging them in order of their atomic weight

38
Q

What was wrong with the early periodic table?

A

It was incomplete and some elements were placed in inappropriate groups if the strict order of atomic weights was followed

39
Q

How did Mendeleev overcome some of the problems?

A

By leaving gaps for elements that he thought had not been discovered and in some places changed the order based on atomic weights

40
Q

What filled the filled gps in Mendeleev periodic table ?

A

Elements with properties predicted by Mendeleev

41
Q

What did the knowledge of isotopes do?

A

They made it possible to explain why the order based on atomic weights was not always correct

42
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The number of protons in an element

43
Q

What are non metals ?

A

Elements that do not form positive ions

44
Q

What are the majority of elements?

A

Metals

45
Q

What are the elements in group 0 called ?

A

Noble gases

46
Q

What are properties of noble gases?

A

They are unreactive and do not easily form molecules because there atoms have stable arrangements of electrons

47
Q

How many electrons are there on the outer shell of noble gases?

A

8 expect from helium which has 2

48
Q

What happens to the boiling points of noble gases?

A

They increase with increasing relative atomic mass

49
Q

What are the elements in group 1 known as ?

A

Alkali metals

50
Q

How many electrons are there in the outer shell of alkali metals?

A

1

51
Q

What is the reactivity of alkali metals?

A

It increases as it goes down the group

52
Q

What are the elements in group 7 known as ?

A

Halogens

53
Q

Why do halogens have similar reactions.

A

Because they all have 7 electrons in their outer shell

54
Q

What are the halogens.

A

They are non metals and consist of molecules made of pairs of atoms

55
Q

In group 7 what happens when u go down the group?

A

The further down the group an element is the higher its relative molecular mass , melting point and boiling point and the reactivity decreases going down

56
Q

What can a more reactive halogens displace?

A

They displace a less reactive halogen from an aqueous solution of its salt

57
Q

What are transition metals?

A

They are metals with similar properties which are different from those of the elements in Group 1

58
Q

What do many transition metals have?

A

They have more than one ions and they form coloured compounds and are useful as catalysts

59
Q

What are the properties of alkali metals (group 1)?

A
  • low in density and they are soft metals
  • they form 1+ ions as they have 1 electron in their outer shell
60
Q

What are the trends of alkali metals?

A

Increasing reactivity- the attraction between the nucleus and electron decreases because the electron is further away from the nucleus
Lower melting and boiling points
Higher relative atomic mass

61
Q

What are the properties of metallic bonding ?

A

-very strong
-high melting and boiling point
-conduct electricity and heat

62
Q

What are the properties of covalent bonding?

A

-high melting and boiling point
-very strong
-does not conduct electricity

63
Q

What are the properties of ionic bonding?

A

-very strong
-high melting and boiling point
-when liquid it conducts electricity when it’s solid it does not conduct electricity

Chemistry (5 decks)

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