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Chemistry > C1 > Flashcards

C1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are all substances are made up of

A

Atoms

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2
Q

Element definition

A

A substance made up of only one type of atom

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3
Q

Where are the metals located on the periodic table

A

Left( group 1 side) 

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4
Q

Where are nonmetals located on the periodic table

A

Right (group 7 side)

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5
Q

Where are the transition metals located in the periodic table

A

Middle 

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6
Q

What is a compound

A

A substance made when two or more elements are chemically bonded together

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7
Q

A + B -> C
What are the reactants in this chemical equation

A

A and B

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8
Q

A + B -> C
What is the product in this chemical equation

A

C

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9
Q

What are reactants

A

The substances you start with

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10
Q

What are the products

A

The new substances made in a reaction

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11
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass

A

The total mass of the products formed in a reaction is equal to the total mass of the reactants

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12
Q

What is an aqueous solution

A

Substances dissolved in water

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13
Q

What is the difference between compounds and mixtures

A

Compounds
Fixed composition (Ratio of elements present is always the same in any particular compound)
Chemical reactions must be used to separate the elements
Chemical bonds between the atoms of different elements in the compound

Mixtures
No fix composition ( Proportions vary depending on the amount of each substance mix together)
Different elements in a mixture can be separated more easily
No chemical bonds between the atoms 

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14
Q

Name the separation 4 techniques

A

Filtration
Crystallisation
Distillation
Chromatography

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15
Q

Why are we able to separate compounds and mixtures

A

Differences in physical properties of the substance in a mixture such as different solubilities or different boiling points

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16
Q

When is filtration used

A

To separate An insoluble solid from a liquid

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17
Q

What is crystallisation used for

A

To separate a dissolved solid from a Solvent ( Liquid))

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18
Q

How does crystallisation work

A

Place your solution over boiling water and wait for the liquid to evaporate leaving you with a solid eg Separate salt from salt water

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19
Q

What Is distillation used for

A

To separate and Collect a soluble solid from a solvent

20
Q

Distillation method

A

A solution is heated and boiled to evaporate the solvent
The vapour given off and has a condenser (A glass tube with water flowing through it which surrounds the glass tube from the glass acting as a coolant )
Here the hot Vapour is called and condense back into liquid for collection
Any solid remain in the heating flask

21
Q

What liquids does fractional distillation separate

A

Liquids that dissolve in each other and mix completely

22
Q

What physical property does fractional distillation used to separate the two liquids

A

Boiling point

23
Q

Fractional distillation method 

A

A solution is heated and boiled
The liquids begin to condense rising up
They go into The fractionating column which contains glass beads
The Vapors must pass over and between the glass beads before they reach the condenser
The temperature in the fractionating column is highest at the bottom of the
This means that the substance with a higher boiling point will condense on the cooler glass beads near the bottom of the column and drop back down into the flask
The substance with the Lower boiling point and will continue to rise
The vapour given off then goes through the Condenser A glass tube with water flowing through it which surrounds the glass tube from the glass acting as a coolant )
Here the hot Vapour is called and condense back into a lqiuid
Then the other liquid will be left over

24
Q

What is chromatography used to do

A

Separate substances from mixtures in a solution

25
Q

Chromatography method

A

Draw a pencil line on a piece of chromatography paper
Place the compounds On the pencil line
Place the paper in a solvent which will soak up the paper running through the mixture
The most soluble substance is within the Mixture the further out the paper is carried


26
Q

What did John Dalton believe about the atom

A

Substances are made up of atoms that were like tiny hardspheres

27
Q

What did JJ Thomson discover

A

Electron

28
Q

What was the plum pudding model and who created it

A

JJ Thompson
Atoms were the ball of positive charge with negative electrons within

29
Q

What did Ernest Rutherford discover

A

Nucleus -Which contains very dense positively charged neutrons
The electrons must be orbiting the nucleus

30
Q

What was Ernest Rutherford experiment

A

Gold foil experiment
He fired alpha particles at a gold foil sheet and discovered some were deflected back showing there was a large ball of concentrated Positive charge at the centre of each atom ( the nucleus 

31
Q

What did Neils Bohr Discover

A

The electrons must be orbiting the nucleus at set distances (shells) 

32
Q

What did James Chadwick Discover

A

Neutrons

33
Q

What is a proton relative charge

A

+1

34
Q

What is a neutrons relative charge

A

Zero

35
Q

What is an electrons relative charge

A

-1

36
Q

Protons relative mass

A

1

37
Q

Neutrons relative mass

A

1

38
Q

Electrons relative mass

A

Very small

39
Q

What is the atomic number

A

Number of protons in the element

40
Q

What is the mass number

A

The number of protons and neutrons in an atom

41
Q

How are the elements in the periodic table arranged

A

By the atomic number

42
Q

Ion definition

A

Charged atom

43
Q

How is an ion created

A

When an atom loses or gains electrons

44
Q

Why do atoms lose or gain electrons

A

To get a full outer shell

45
Q

Isotope definition

A

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

46
Q

How many electrons are in a full outer shell

A

1st -2
Rest - 8

Chemistry (7 decks)

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