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C1 Flashcards

1
Q

Genome

A

Complete set of DNA that influences behavior/experiences

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2
Q

continuous development theory

A

Change is gradual and incremental

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3
Q

Discontinuous Development theory; supported by BLANK theory

A

Change is occasional in large shifts; supported by Stage Theory

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4
Q

Effortful attention

A

voluntary control of emotions and thoughts

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5
Q

Part of Brain Controlling thoughts & emotions (x3)

A

limbic area, anterior cingulate, prefrontal cortex

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6
Q

Prefrontal Cortex & Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) function

A

executive function

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7
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh) function (x3)

A

muscle action, learning, memory

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8
Q

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) function; risks associated with undersupply (x3)

A

major inhibitory; seizure, tremor, insomnia

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9
Q

Dependent Variable

A

The measurable effect, outcome, or response

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10
Q

Test-Retest Reliability

A

stability of a test over time

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11
Q

Internal Validity

A

extent one can draw cause-and-effect inferences from a study

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12
Q

Population

A

group of individuals in the study

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13
Q

representative sample

A

equal chance of assignment to control/experimental group

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14
Q

experimental condition

A

the procedure that is varied

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15
Q

control condition

A

standard to manipulated variables are compared

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16
Q

Norms

A

marker of average development

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17
Q

correlational designs

A

studies intended to indicate correlation

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18
Q

correlation

A

association between two variables

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19
Q

direction-of-causation problem

A

correlation does not mean causation

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20
Q

dependent variable (x2)

A

responding variable measured; manipulated by IV

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21
Q

microgenetic study

A

same participants repeatedly studied over short period

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22
Q

Correlational designs are especially useful when

A

variable of interest cannot be manipulated

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23
Q

Experimental designs are especially valuable for revealing

A

causes of children’s behavior

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24
Q

longitudinal designs

A

same children at different ages

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25
Q

Reliability

A

consistency of measurement

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26
Q

internal consistency

A

degree items measuring the same thing correlate

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27
Q

test-retest reliability

A

degree outcomes consistent over multiple administrations

28
Q

Validity

A

measures what it claims to measure

29
Q

construct validity

A

degree variables measure what they are supposed to

30
Q

face validity

A

degree to variable seems valid on the surface

31
Q

3 Reasons to Study CD

A

parenting, social policy, human nature

32
Q

Romanian Adoption Study (type; subject)

A

Longitudinal study; perseverance past extreme neglect for physical, social, and intellectual development.

33
Q

How the industrial revolution impacted the study of CD (preliminary factors; result)

A

child labor; earliest recorded research on adverse effects between environment and CD

34
Q

Epigenetics

A

Study of gene expression changes mediated by the environment

35
Q

Methylation

A

process that influences behavior by suppressing gene expression

36
Q

Limbic area function

A

motivation, emotion, memory

37
Q

List all six neurotransmitters in the brain.

A

Acetylcholine (ACh), Dopamine, Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA), Glutamate, Norepinephrine, Serotonin

38
Q

Dopamine (x4)

A

attention, emotion, learning, movement

39
Q

Serotonin (x3)

A

mood, hunger, sleep, arousal

40
Q

Glutamate

A

Most common neurotransmitter; excitatory

41
Q

Independent Variable

A

variable that is manipulated

42
Q

Controlled Variable (CV)

A

unchanged variable

43
Q

Interrater Reliability

A

Degree raters observe/classify/score the same way

44
Q

Structured Interview

A

Predetermined Questions

45
Q

Naturalistic Observation (x2)

A

Unobtrusive; minimized presence

46
Q

Descriptive Approach (x3)

A

used to observe, measure, describe behavior

47
Q

Sample

A

subset of the population

48
Q

random sample (x2)

A

equal chance of selection; fair representation of population

49
Q

experimental control

A

ability to determine specific experiences children have during an experiment

50
Q

control group

A

isolated from IV

51
Q

Correlational Experiment (x2)

A

detect natural relationships; assess how well one variable predicts another

52
Q

cross-sectional designs

A

different children of different ages

53
Q

inter-rater reliability

A

degree 2+ raters agree

54
Q

Meta-Analysis

A

results of multiple studies combined for overall conclusion

55
Q

Extraneous Variable (EV)

A

Variable other than the IV that could cause changes in the value of the DV

56
Q

Clinical interview (x2)

A

Predetermined Questions; Can go off Script

57
Q

Structured Observation

A

predesigned scenario to elicit behavior

58
Q

Norepinephrine function (x2)

A

alertness, arousal

59
Q

Socioeconomic Status (SES)

A

Measure of social class based on income and education.

60
Q

External Validity

A

extent findings can apply to real-world

61
Q

Correlational Approach

A

evaluates relationship between two different types of behavior

62
Q

double-blind procedure

A

subject and administer are blinded

63
Q

independent variable

A

manipulated variable

64
Q

Cross-Sectional Approach

A

different ages compared at once

65
Q

microgenetic designs

A

analyzing the change process of a repeated experience in a short period of time by the same group

Dev Psy (1 decks)

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