Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Spine Projections > C,T,L Spine > Flashcards

C,T,L Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What is the IR size for the AP projection Fuchs method?

A

8x10 or 10x12 crosswise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What position is the patient in the for the AP Projection Fuchs method?

A

Supine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why did Fuchs recommend the AP Projection?

A

To show the dens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where do you center the IR for the AP Projection Fuchs method?

A

Center the IR to the level of the tips of the mastoid processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the respiration phase for the AP projection Fuchs method?

A

Suspend

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the CR direction for the AP Projection Fuchs method?

A

Perpendicular to the midpoint of the IR; enters the neck on the MSP just distal to the tip of the chin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the collimation size for the AP projection Fuchs method?

A

5x5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the IR size for the AP projection open-mouth?

A

8x10 or 10x12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the SID for the AP projection open mouth?

A

30”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where do you center the IR for the AP projection open mouth?

A

Center the IR at the level of the axis (C2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the CR direction for the AP projection open mouth?

A

Perpendicular to the center of the IR and entering the midpoint of the open mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the collimation size for the AP projection open mouth?

A

5x5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the IR size for the lateral projection of the atlas and axis?

A

8x10 or 10x12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where do you center the IR for the lateral projection of the atlas and axis?

A

Center the IR at the level of the atlantoaxial articulation (1 inch distal to tip of mastoid process)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the respiration phase for the lateral projection of the atlas and axis?

A

Suspend

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the CR direction for the lateral projection of the atlas and axis?

A

Perpendicular to a point 1 inch distal to the mastoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the patient position for the AP axial projection of the c-spine?

A

Supine or upright

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where do you center the IR for the AP axial projection of the C-spine?

A

Center the IR at the level of C4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the respiration phase for the AP axial projection of the C-spine?

A

Suspend

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the CR direction for the AP axial projection of the C-spine?

A

Directed through C4 at an angle of 15-20 degrees cephalad (CR enters slightly inferior to the most prominent point of the thyroid cartilage aka the Adam’s apple)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the proper collimation size for the AP axial projection of the C-spine?

A

10 inches lengthwise and 1 inch beyond the skin shadows on side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the IR size for the lateral projection grandy method of the C-spine

A

8x10 or 10x12 lengthwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the recommended SID for the lateral projection grandy method of the C-spine?

A

60-72” because of the increased OID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the patient position for the lateral projection grandy method of the C-spine?

A

In a true lateral either standing or seated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where should the IR be centered for the lateral projection grandy method of the C-spine?

A

Center the IR at the level of C4. The top of the IR is about 1” above the EAM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What should you do to depress the shoulders for the lateral projection grandy method of the C-spine?

A

Attach one small sandbag to each wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the respiration phase for the lateral projection grandy method of the C-spine?

A

Suspend respiration at the end of full expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are you looking at when you perform the lateral projection grandy method of the C-spine?

A

The Z joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the CR direction for the lateral projection grandy method of the C-spine?

A

Horizontal and perpendicular to C4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the proper collimation size for the lateral projection grandy method of the C-spine

A

8x10 or 10x12 depending on the cassette size used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the IR size for the lateral projection of the C-spine when hyper extending or hyper flexing?

A

10x12 lengthwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the SID for the lateral projection hyperflexion/hyperextension of the C-spine

A

60-72” because of increased OID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the patient position for the lateral projection hyperextension/hyperflexion of the C-spine?

A

A true lateral either seated or standing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Where is the IR centered for the lateral projection hyperextension/hyperflexion of the C-spine?

A

Center the IR at the level of C4. The top of the IR is about 2 inches above the EAM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the respiration phase for the lateral projection hyperflexion/hyperextension of the C-spine?

A

Suspend

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the CR direction for the lateral projection hyperflexion/hyperextension of the C-spine?

A

Horizontal and perpendicular to C4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the collimation size for the lateral projection hyperextension/hyperflexion of the C-spine?

A

10x12 lengthwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are you looking at when you perform an AP axial oblique projection of the C-spine?

A

You are looking at the intervertebral foramina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the IR size for the AP axial oblique projection of the C-spine

A

8x10 or 10x12 lengthwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the recommended SID for the AP axial oblique projection of the C-spine?

A

60-72” because of increased OID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the patient position for the AP axial oblique projection of the C-spine?

A

Supine or upright (seated or standing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is the body rotation for the AP axial oblique projection of the C-spine?

A

45 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Where do you center the IR for the AP axial oblique projection of the C-spine?

A

Center the IR to the third cervical body (1” superior to the most prominent point of the thyroid cartilage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is the respiration phase for the alarm axial oblique projection of the C-spine?

A

Suspend

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is the CR direction for the AP axial oblique projection of the C-spine?

A

Directed to C4 at a cephalad angle of 15-20 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is the collimation size for the AP axial oblique projection of the C-spine?

A

8x10 or 10x12 depending on IR used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What intervertebral foramina are you looking at when you perform the AP axial oblique projection of the C-spine?

A

The intervertebral foramina farthest from the IR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What is the IR size for the PA axial oblique projection of the C-spine?

A

8x10 or 10x12 lengthwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is the recommended SID for the PA axial oblique projection of the C-spine?

A

60-72” SID because of the increased OID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What is the patient position for the PA axial oblique projection of the C-spine?

A

Prone or upright (seated or standing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What is the body rotation for the PA axial oblique projection of the C-spine?

A

45 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Where is the IR centered for the PA axial oblique projection of the C-spine?

A

center the IR at the level of C5 (1” caudal to the most prominent point of the thyroid cartilage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is the respiration phase for the PA axial oblique projection of the C-spine?

A

Suspend

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What is the CR direction for the PA axial oblique projection of the C-spine?

A

Directed to C4 at an angle of 15-20 degrees caudal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What is the collimation size for the PA axial oblique production of the C-spine?

A

8x10 or 10x12 depending on the IR used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What is the IR size for the AP protection Ottonello method?

A

8x10 or 10x12 lengthwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What is the patient position for the AP projection Ottonello method?

A

Supine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Where do you center the IR for the AP projection Ottonello method?

A

Center the IR at the level of C4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What is the respiration phase for the AP projection Ottonello method?

A

Suspend

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What technique do you use for the AP projection Ottonello method to blur the mandible?

A

use an exposure technique with low milliamperage and long exposure time (minimum of 1 sec)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What is the CR direction for the AP projection Ottonello method?

A

perpendicular to C4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What is the collimation size for the AP projection Ottonello method?

A

8x10 or 10x12 depending on IR used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What is the IR size for the lateral projection swimmers technique?

A

10x12 lengthwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

What is the patient position for the lateral projection swimmers technique?

A

recumbent or upright (seated or standing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Where do you center the IR for the lateral projection swimmers technique?

A

Center the IR at the level of C7-T1 intervertebral disk space, which is located 2” above the jugular notch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

What is the respiration phase for the lateral projection swimmers technique?

A

Suspend

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

What is the CR direction for the lateral projection swimmers technique?

A

Directed to C7-T1 intervertebral disk space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

If the patient cannot depress shoulder well enough when performing the lateral projection swimmers technique how much do you angle the tube?

A

3-5 degrees caudal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

How much did Monda recommend angling the tube when the patients shoulder cannot be depressed while performing the lateral projection swimmers technique?

A

5-15 degrees cephalic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

What is the collimation size for the lateral projection swimmers technique?

A

close collimation; 10x12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

What is the IR size for the AP projection of the T-spine?

A

14x17 lengthwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

what is the patient position for the AP projection of the T-spine?

A

supine or upright (standing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

How should the hips and knees be positioned when performing the AP proejction of the T-spine

A

flexed to place the thighs in a vertical position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Where should the IR be positioned for the AP projection of the T-spine

A

1 1/2 to 2 inches above the shoulders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

What is the respiration phase for the AP projection of the T-spine?

A

patient may be allowed to take shallow breaths during the exposure or respiration is suspended at end of full expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

What is the CR direction for the AP projection of the T-spine?

A

Perpendicular to the IR. The center of the CR should be approx. halfway between jugular notch and xiphoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

What is the collimation size for the AP projection of the T-spine?

A

7x17

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

What is the IR size for the Lateral projection of the T-spine?

A

14x17 lengthwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

How should the patients knees and hips be placed when performing the lateral projection of the T-spine?

A

flexed to a comfortable position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

Where should the superior border of the IR be placed for the Lateral projection of the T-spine?

A

1 1/2 to 2 inches above the relaxed shoulders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

how should the patients arms be for the Lateral projection of the T-spine

A

at right angles to the long axis of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

What is the respiration phase for the Lateral projection of the T-spine?

A

with the patient breathing normally or at the end of expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

What is the CR direction for the Lateral Projection of the T-spine?

A

perpendicular to the center of the IR at the level of T7. The CR enters the posterior half of the thorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

If the patient is not horizontal when performing the lateral projection of the T-spine, how much do you angle the tube?

A

10 degrees cephalic for females and 15 degrees cephalic for males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

What is the collimation size for the lateral projection of the T-spine?

A

7x17

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

What are examined when performing PA oblique projections of the T-spine?

A

The thoracic zygapophyseal joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

What are examined when performing AP oblique projections of the T-spine?

A

The thoracic zygapophyseal joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

Do AP oblique projections of the T-spine show the joints closest to or farthest from the IR?

A

Farthest from the IR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

Do PA oblique projections of the T-spine show the joints closest to or farthest from the IR

A

Closest to the IR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

What is the patient position for the AP or PA oblique projections of the T-spine?

A

recumbent and upright (seated or standing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

When performing the AP or PA oblique projections of the T-spine in the recumbent position, what is the IR size and orientation?

A

14x17

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

When performing the AP or PA oblique projections of the T-spine in the upright position, what is the IR size and orientation?

A

14x17

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

How much do you rotate the body for the AP or PA oblique projections of the T-spine?

A

20 degrees

94
Q

How many degrees does the MCP and IR form when performing the AP or PA oblique projections of the T-spine?

A

70 degrees

95
Q

What is the height of the IR for the AP or PA oblique projections of the T-spine?

A

1 1/2 to 2 inches above the shoulders

96
Q

Where do you center the IR for the AP or PA oblique projections of the T-spine?

A

To the level of T7

97
Q

What is the respiration phase for the AP or PA oblique projections of the T-spine?

A

suspend at the end of expiration

98
Q

How should the patients knees and hips be positioned when performing the AP or PA oblique projections of the T-spine in the recumbent position?

A

flexed

99
Q

What is the CR direction for the AP or PA oblique projections of the T-spine?

A

perpendicular to the IR exiting or entering the level of T7

100
Q

What is the collimation size for the AP or PA oblique projections of the T-spine?

A

7x17

101
Q

What is the IR size for the AP projection of the L-spine?

A

11x14 or 14x17

102
Q

What is the recommended SID for the AP projection of the L-spine?

A

48 inches

103
Q

What is the patient position for the AP projection of the L-spine?

A

supine

104
Q

How should the upper extremities be placed for the AP projection of the L-spine?

A

flex the elbows and place hands on upper chest

105
Q

How should the knees and hips be positioned when performing the AP projection of the L-spine?

A

flexed to place back in firm contact with table and to reduce lordosis

106
Q

If you are taking an x-ray of both the lumbar spine and the sacrum where should the IR be centered?

A

At the level of the illiac crests (L4)

107
Q

If you are taking an x-ray of just the lumbar spine, where should the IR be centered?

A

1.5 inches above the illiac crests (L3)

108
Q

What is the respiration phase for the AP projection of the L-spine?

A

Suspend at end of expiration

109
Q

What is the CR direction for the AP projection of the L-spine?

A

perpendicular to the IR at the level of the iliac crests (L4)

110
Q

What is IR size for the Lateral projection of the L-spine?

A

11x14 or 14x17

111
Q

What is the patient position for the Lateral projection of the L-spine?

A

recumbent or upright

112
Q

How should the patient knees and hips be positioned when performing the lateral projection of the L-spine?

A

flexed to a comfortable position

113
Q

how should the patients elbows and arms be positioned when performing the lateral projection of the L-spine?

A

elbows flexed and the arm at right angles to the body

114
Q

Where should the IR be centered when performing a lateral projection of the L-spine when viewing the spine only?

A

at a level 1.5 inches above the crest (L3)

115
Q

Where should the IR be centered when performing a lateral projection of the L-spine when viewing both the lumbar and sacrum?

A

at the level of the iliac crest (L4)

116
Q

What is the respiration phase for the lateral projection of the L-spine?

A

suspend at the end of expiration

117
Q

What is the CR direction for the lateral projection of the L-spine when viewing both the lumbar and sacrum?

A

perpendicular at the level of the iliac crests

118
Q

What is the CR direction for the lateral projection of the L-spine when viewing the lumbar only?

A

perpendicular at a level 1.5 inches above the iliac crests

119
Q

If a patients spine cannot be adjusted horizontally while performing the lateral projection of the L-spine, how many degrees do you angle the tube?

A

5 degrees caudal for men and 8 degrees caudal for women with a wide pelvis

120
Q

What is the IR size for the spot film of L5-S1?

A

8x10 or 10x12

121
Q

how should the patients elbows and arms be positioned when performing a spot film of L5-S1?

A

flexed elbows and arms in a position at right angles to the body

122
Q

?What is the respiration phase for the spot film of L5-S1

A

suspend

123
Q

What is the CR direction for the spot film of L5-S1

A

Centered on a coronal place 2 inches posterior to ASIS and 1.5 inches inferior to iliac crests

124
Q

What is the collimation size for the spot film of L5-S1?

A

6x8 inches

125
Q

How should the patient be turned for the AP projection of the Lumbar Z-joints?

A

rotated 45 degrees towards affected side

126
Q

When performing the AP oblique projection of the Lumbar Z-joints, are you looking at the joints closest to or farthest from the IR?

A

Closest to

127
Q

How many degrees should the body be rotated to should the L5-S1 zygapophyseal joint and articular processes?

A

60 degrees

128
Q

What is the respiration phase for the Ap oblique projection of the Lumbar zygapophyseal joints?

A

suspend at end of expiration

129
Q

What is the CR direction for the AP oblique projection of the Lumbar Zygapophyseal joint?

A

perpendicular to enter 2 inches medial to elevated ASIS and 1 to 1.5 inches above iliac crests

130
Q

What is the CR direction for the AP oblique projection of the Lumbar Zygapophyseal joint when looking at the L5-S1 joint?

A

Perpendicular to enter 2 inches medial to elevated ASIS and then up a point midway between the iliac crests and ASIS

131
Q

What is the patient position for the AP oblique projection of the Lumbar Zygapophyseal joints?

A

recumbent or upright

132
Q

What is the patient position for the PA oblique projection of the Lumbar Zygapophyseal joints?

A

upright or recumbent prone

133
Q

When performing the PA oblique projection of the Lumbar Z-joints, are you looking at the joints closest to or farthest from the IR?

A

farthest from the IR

134
Q

Where should the IR be centered for the PA oblique projection of the Lumbar Zygapophyseal joints?

A

Center the IR at the level of L3

135
Q

Where should the IR be centered for the PA oblique projection of the Lumbar Zygapophyseal joints when only looking at L5-S1?

A

Center the IR at the level of L5

136
Q

What is the respiration phase for the PA oblique projection of the Lumbar Zygapophyseal joints?

A

suspend at the end of expiration

137
Q

What is the CR direction for the Lumbar Zygapophyseal joints?

A

Perpendicular to enter L3 (1 to 1.5 inches above the iliac crests)

138
Q

What is the CR direction for the Lumbar Zygapophyseal joints when looking at L5-S1?

A

Perpendicular to enter the elevated side 2 inches lateral to palpable spinous process and to a point midway between iliac crest and ASIS

139
Q

What is the IR size for the AP or PA axial Projection of the L5-S1 junction and the SI joints?

A

8x10 or 10x12 lengthwise

140
Q

What is the patient position for the AP or PA axial projection ferguson method of the L5-S1 junction and the SI joints?

A

supine

141
Q

What is the respiration phase for the AP or PA axial projection ferguson method of the L5-S1 junction and SI joints?

A

suspend

142
Q

What is the CR direction for the AP or PA axial projection ferguson method of the L5-S1 junction and SI joints?

A

directed through the lumbosacral joint at an average of 30 to 35 degrees cephalic entering the MSP at a point 1.5 inches superior to pubic symphysis or 2 to 2.5 inches below ASIS

143
Q

What is the IR size for the AP oblique projection of the SI joints

A

8x10 or 10x12 lengthwise

144
Q

What is the patient position for the AP oblique projection of the SI joints?

A

supine

145
Q

How much should you elevate the side of interest from the AP oblique projection of the SI joints?

A

25-30 degrees

146
Q

When performing the AP oblique projection of the SI joints is the side being examined closest to or farthest form the IR?

A

farther from the IR

147
Q

Which side does an LPO show when performing an AP oblique projection of the SI joints?

A

right side

148
Q

Which side does an RPO show when performing an AP oblique projection of the SI joints?

A

left side

149
Q

Which side does an LPO show when performing an AP oblique projection of the SI joints?

A

center the IR at the level of the ASIS

150
Q

What is the respiration phase for the AP oblique projection of the SI joints?

A

suspend

151
Q

What is the CR direction for the AP oblique projection of the SI joints?

A

Perpendicular to the center of the IR entering 1” medial to elevated ASIS

152
Q

What is the IR size for the PA oblique projection of the SI joints?

A

8x10 or 10x12 lengthwise

153
Q

What is the patient position for the PA oblique projection of the SI joints?

A

Prone

154
Q

When performing the PA oblique projection of the SI joints is the side being examined closest to or farthest form the IR?

A

the side closest to the IR

155
Q

How much should you elevate the side of interest from the PA oblique projection of the SI joints?

A

25-30 degrees

156
Q

Which side does an LAO show when performing an PA oblique projection of the SI joints?

A

the left side

157
Q

Which side does an RAO show when performing an PA oblique projection of the SI joints?

A

the right side

158
Q

Where should you center the IR when performing a PA oblique projection of the SI joints?

A

center the IR at the level of the ASIS

159
Q

What is the respiration phase for the PA oblique projection of the SI joints?

A

Suspend

160
Q

What is the CR direction for a PA oblique projection of the SI joints?

A

perpendicular to the IR and centered 1 inch medial to ASIS closest to IR

161
Q

What is the IR size for the AP and PA axial projections of the sacrum and coccyx?

A

10x10 for sacrum and 8x10 for coccyx if available

162
Q

What is the patient position for the AP and PA axial projections of the sacrum and coccyx?

A

supine or prone

163
Q

What is the respiration phase for the AP and PA axial projections of the sacrum and coccyx?

A

suspend

164
Q

What is the CR direction for the AP axial projection of the sacrum with the patient supine?

A

15 degrees cephalic at a point 2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

165
Q

What is the CR direction for the PA axial projection of the sacrum with the patient prone?

A

15 degrees caudal and centered to the visible sacrum curve

166
Q

What is the CR direction for the AP axial projection of the coccyx with the patient supine?

A

10 degrees caused to a point about 2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

167
Q

What is the CR direction for the PA axial projection of the coccyx with the patient prone?

A

10 degrees cephalad and center to easy palpable coccyx

168
Q

What is the IR size for the lateral projection of the sacrum and coccyx?

A

8x10 lengthwise for coccyx and 10x12 for sacrum

169
Q

What is the respiration phase for the lateral projection of the sacrum and coccyx?

A

suspend

170
Q

What is the CR direction for the lateral projection of the sacrum?

A

perpendicular and directed to the level of the ASIS and to a point 3.5 inches posterior

171
Q

What is the CR direction for the lateral projection of the coccyx?

A

perpendicular and directed toward a point 3.5 inches posterior to ASIS and 2 inches inferior

172
Q

What is the IR size for the AP axial projection of the vertebral arch (pillars)

A

8x10 or 10x12

173
Q

What is the patient position for the AP axial projection of the vertebral arch (pillars)?

A

supine

174
Q

How should the patients neck be positioned for the AP axial projection of the vertebral arch (pillars)?

A

hyperextended

175
Q

What is the respiration phase for the AP axial projection of the vertebral arch (pillars)?

A

suspend

176
Q

What is the CR direction for the AP axial projection of the vertebral arch (pillars)?

A

Directed to C7 at an average angle of 25 degrees caudal (20-30 degree range)

177
Q

What is the IR size for the AP axial oblique projection of the vertebral arch (pillars)?

A

8x10 or 10x12

178
Q

What is the patient position for the AP axial oblique projection of the vertebral arch (pillars)?

A

supine

179
Q

How much should the patients head be rotated for the AP axial oblique projection of the vertebral arch (pillars) to show C2-7 and T1?

A

45-50 degrees away from side of interest

180
Q

How much should the patients head be rotated for the AP axial oblique projection of the vertebral arch (pillars) to show C6 and T1-4?

A

60-70 degrees away from side of interest

181
Q

What is the respiration phase for the AP axial oblique projection of the vertebral arch (pillars)?

A

suspend

182
Q

What is the CR direction for the AP axial oblique projection vertebral arch (pillars)?

A

Directed to exit the spinous process of C7 at an average angle of 35 degrees caudal (range of 30-40 degrees)

183
Q

What is the IR size for the PA projection weight bearing method (R and L bending) for the lumbar intervertebral disks?

A

14x17 lengthwise

184
Q

What is the patient position for the PA projection weight bearing method (R and L bending) for the lumbar intervertebral disks?

A

standing

185
Q

Where should the height of the IR be for the PA projection weight bearing method (R and L bending) for the lumbar intervertebral disks?

A

adjust the height of the IR to the level of L3

186
Q

What is the respiration phase for the PA projection weight bearing method (R and L bending) for the lumbar intervertebral disks?

A

suspend

187
Q

What is the CR direction for the PA projection weight bearing method (R and L bending) for the lumbar intervertebral disks?

A

Directed perpendicular to L3 at an angle of 15-20 degrees caudal or projected through L4-L5 or L5-S1 intervertebral disk spaces if these are the areas of interest

188
Q

What is the IR size for the PA projection ferguson method for the T-spine looking at scoliosis?

A

14x36 or 14x17 lengthwise

189
Q

What is the patient position for the PA projection ferguson method for the T-spine looking at scoliosis?

A

seated or standing

190
Q

What is the height of the IR for the PA projection ferguson method for the T-spine looking at scoliosis?

A

the height of the IR should include about 1 inch of the iliac crests

191
Q

How many radiographs are taken for the PA projection ferguson method for the T-spine looking at scoliosis?

A

2 radiographs

192
Q

How is the patients hips or feet positioned for the PA projection ferguson method for the T-spine looking at scoliosis?

A

elevated on the convex side of the primary curve approximately 3 or 4 inches by placing a block, book, or sandbags under buttock of foot

193
Q

What is the respiration phase for the PA projection ferguson method for the T-spine looking at scoliosis?

A

suspend

194
Q

What is the CR direction for the PA projection ferguson method for the T-spine looking at scoliosis?

A

perpendicular to the midpoint of the IR

195
Q

What is the IR size for the AP projection (R and L bending) of the lumbar spine for a spinal fusion?

A

10x12 or 14x17 lengthwise for each exposure

196
Q

What is the patient position for the AP projection (R and L bending) for the lumbar spine for a spinal fusion?

A

supine

197
Q

How many exposures should be made for the AP projection (R and L bending) for the lumbar spine for a spinal fusion?

A

2 (right bending and left bending)

198
Q

How should the legs be positioned for the AP projection (R and L bending) for the lumbar spine for a spinal fusion?

A

cross the patients leg on the opposite side to be flexed over the other leg

Example: for a right bending, cross the left leg over the right

199
Q

What is the respiration phase for the AP projection (R and L bending) for the lumbar spine for a spinal fusion?

A

suspend

200
Q

What is the CR direction for the AP projection (R and L bending) for the lumbar spine for a spinal fusion?

A

Perpendicular to the level of the third lumbar vertebrae, 1 to 1.5 inches above the iliac crest on the MSP

201
Q

What is the IR size for the Lateral projection (R or L position) hyper flexion and hyperextension for the lumbar spine for a spinal fusion?

A

14x17 lengthwise

202
Q

What is the patient position for the Lateral projection (R or L position) hyper flexion and hyperextension for the lumbar spine for a spinal fusion?

A

upright or lateral recumbent

203
Q

What is the respiration phase for the Lateral projection (R or L position) hyper flexion and hyperextension for the lumbar spine for a spinal fusion?

A

suspend

204
Q

What is the CR for the Lateral projection (R or L position) hyper flexion and hyperextension for the lumbar spine for a spinal fusion?

A

perpendicular to the spinal fusion area or L3

205
Q

Which segments of the spine are considered true or moveable?

A

C,T,L

206
Q

What segments of the spine are considered false or fixed

A

Sacrum, Coccyx

207
Q

Which segments of the spine are called primary curves?

A

Thoracic and Pelvic

208
Q

What segments of the spine are called the secondary curves?

A

Cervical and Lumbar

209
Q

What are the vertebral bodies separated by?

A

Intervertebral disks

210
Q

What projects posteriorly on each side for the superior and lateral parts of the posterior surface of the vertebral body?

A

pedicles

211
Q

What is the purpose of the notches of the intervertebral foramina

A

for transmission of spinal nerves and blood vessels

212
Q

What projects laterally and slightly posteriorly from the junction of the pedicles and laminae?

A

transverse processes

213
Q

What projects posteriorly and inferiorly from the junction of the laminae in the posterior midline

A

spinous processes

214
Q

What is another name for C1

A

atlas

215
Q

What is another name for C2

A

axis

216
Q

Where is the dens located

A

C2

217
Q

What is the purpose of the transverse foramina?

A

transmission of the vertebral artery and vein and for passage of the spinal nerves

218
Q

At what angle are the intervertebral foramina of the C-spine located from the MSP

A

45 degrees

219
Q

At what angle are the intervertebral foramina of the C-spine located to the horizontal plane of the body?

A

15 degrees inferior

220
Q

how much are the zygapophyseal joints of the T-spine angled?

A

anteriorly approximately 15-20 degrees to form an angle of 70-75 degrees to the MSP

221
Q

How much should the patient be rotated from the anatomic position to show the Z-joints of the T-spine?

A

70-75 degrees

222
Q

How much should the patient be rotated from the lateral position to show the Z-joints of the T-spine?

A

15-20 degrees

223
Q

How many sacral bones are there?

A

Five

224
Q

How many coccygeal bones are there?

A

Three to five

225
Q

What are you looking at when you perform an AP oblique projection of the C-spine?

A

intervertebral foramina

226
Q

What are you looking at when you perform a Lateral projection of the C-spine?

A

Zygapophyseal joints

227
Q

What are you looking at when you take a Lateral projection of the T-spine?

A

intervertebral foramina

228
Q

How much should the patient be rotated to show the Z-joints when looking at the T-spine?

A

70 degrees

229
Q

What are you looking at when you perform a lateral projection of the L-spine?

A

intervertebral foramina

230
Q

How much should the patient be rotated to show the Z-joints of the L-spine?

A

30-60 degrees

Spine Projections (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions