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MSK 3 > C-spine iRA/tRA > Flashcards

C-spine iRA/tRA Flashcards

1
Q

what are the typical cervical vertebrae?

A

C3-C7

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2
Q

C3-C7 body: anterior is ____

A

convex

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3
Q

C3-C7 body: posterior is ____

A

flat or slightly concave

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4
Q

what part of C1 (atlas) articulates with the dens?

A

the posterior surface of the anterior arch

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5
Q

the posterior arch of C1 has a groove for what artery on its superior surface?

A

vertebral artery

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6
Q

the posterior tubercle on the posterior arch of C1 is an attachment for which ligament?

A

ligamenta flava

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7
Q

the transverse processes of C1 are palpable between what 2 bony landmarks?

A

mastoid process and ramus of mandible

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8
Q

the superior facets of C2 (axis) are oriented slightly ____

A

convex

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9
Q

the inferior facets of C2 are oriented ____ and ____

A

inferiorly and anteriorly

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10
Q

how is the odontoid process (dens) of C2 tilted?

A
  • posteriorly: up to 14 deg

- laterally: 10 deg or less

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11
Q

what ligaments stabilize the dens?

A
  • transverse ligament
  • apical ligament
  • alar ligaments
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12
Q

what 3 parts make up the IV discs?

A
  • nucleus pulposus
  • annulus fibrosis
  • vertebral endplates
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13
Q

describe what a vertebral endplate is

A
  • cartilaginous disc affixed to the inferior and superior surface of the IV disc
  • transition between disc and vertebra
  • failure of this structure can be problematic
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14
Q

T/F: there is no clear boundary between the nucleus and annulus in the c-spine

A

true

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15
Q

what is the significance of the semifluid material of the nucleus?

A

it transmits pressure in all directions if deformed

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16
Q

which part of the vertebral endplate is made of hyaline cartilage?

A

toward the vertebral body

17
Q

which part of the vertebral endplate is made of fibrocartilage?

A

toward the nucleus

18
Q

T/F: the vertebral endplate covers the entire nucleus and annulus

A

False! It covers the nucleus, but not the entire annulus

19
Q

the vertebral endplate is weakly attached to ____ and strongly attached to ____

A
  • vertebral bodies

- IV disc

20
Q

are IV discs strongly or poorly vascularized?

A

poorly

21
Q

how do IV discs get nutrition?

A
  • nutrition is accomplished with diffusion (compression and distraction)
  • compression: fluid leaves
  • distraction: fluid returns
22
Q

describe the anterior annulus of the c-spine disc

A
  • thick and strong

- lambdoid orientation

23
Q

describe the posterior annulus of the c-spine disc

A
  • thin
  • longitudinal fibers
  • transverse fissure
24
Q

what is the significance of the transverse fissure on the posterior annulus?

A

allows for swingng motion of cervical vertebral bodies

25
Q

what are the 3 primary functions of the c-spine disc?

A
  • allow motion to occur
  • transmit forces
  • absorb energy/attenuate forces
26
Q

what type of joint are zygapophyseal joints?

A

synovial

27
Q

describe the fibro-adipose meniscoid found in z-joints

A
  • leaf-like fold of synovium that encloses fat, collagen , and blood vessels
  • folds into the corners of the joint to fill space + protect joint surfaces in extremes of motion
  • projects up to 5mm into jt cavity
  • highly innervated
28
Q

what structure is innervated by the dorsal rami medial branch?

A

z-joint capsule

29
Q

describe the sinuvertebral nerve

A
  • comes off ventral ramus
  • goes 1/3 of the way deep into the annulus
  • with disc degeneration, typically don’t feel pain until it reaches the outer layers of the disc
30
Q

what are the joints of Luschka?

A
  • synaovial jts that glide w c-spine movement
  • enclosed in a capsule that blends w the disc
  • can get stress concentrations here (with degeneration, osteophytes can cause nerve root impingement)
31
Q

what muscles are part of the spinotransverse group at the c-spine?

A
  • multifidus

- semispinalis cervicis and capitis

32
Q

what is important about the spinotransverse muscles (especially the multifidus)?

A

they stabilize the c-spine

33
Q

what movements do the suboccipitals do?

A
  • B/L: extend the upper c-spine

- Uni: ipsi rotation and/or lateral flexion

34
Q

what does the longus colli do?

A
  • B/L: straighten cervical curvature and flex neck
  • Uni: flexion and ipsi flexion of neck
  • Plays a role in static positioning
35
Q

what are the attachments of the scalenes?

A
  • ant: C3-C6 to rib 1
  • middle: C2-C7 to rib 1
  • post: C4-C6 to rib 2
36
Q

cervical flexion ROM

A

80-90 deg

37
Q

cervical extension ROM

A

70 deg

38
Q

cervical lateral flexion ROM

A

20-45 deg

39
Q

cervical rotation ROM

A

70-90 deg

MSK 3 (4 decks)

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