C Spine Examination

Question 1

On a thyroid exam, describe how the following would feel: 
a. Goiters
b. Graves disease
C. hashimoto
D. Thyroiditis

Answer 1

a. simle or multinodular
b. soft
c. firm
d. tender

Question 2

Cervical nerve root exits above or below the numbered vertebra?

Answer 2

Above

Question 3

What muscle would you test for the motor function of the following nerve roots:
A. C1
B. C2-C4
C. C5
D. C6
E. C7
F. C8
G. T1

Answer 3

C1 = resisted rotation ROM
C2-C4 = Scapular elevation 
C5 = Should abduction (deltoid) 
C6 = Elbow flexion (biceps); wrist extension 
C7 = Elbow extension (tricesp); wrist flexion
C8 = Finger flexion
T1 = Finger abduction

Question 4

For the following match the dermatomes: 
A. Lesser occipital, greater auricular, and cervical cutaneous 
B. Superior shoulder/lateral neck
C. Lateral upper arm (over deltoid)
D. lateral forearm
E. Middle finger
F. RIght/little finger, medial wrist and forearm
G. Medial elbow and upper arm

Answer 4

A. C1-C4
B. C4
C. C5
D. C6
E. C7
F. C8
G. T1

Question 5

In testing for deep tendon reflexes, what nerve root are you testing for the following:
A. Biceps
B. Brachioradialis
C. Triceps

Answer 5

A. C5
B. C6
C. C7

Question 6

Compression and spurling maneuver is performed to test for _

Answer 6

Central neuropathy, nerve entrapment by musculoskeletal or myofascial tissue

Question 7

What is compression neuropathy?

Answer 7

Nerve entrapment by msk or mf tissue that produces paresthesia in the area of the distribution of the nerve and creates sensory dysfunction/pain and decrease muscle strength.

Question 8

How do you perform Spurling’s maneuver?

Answer 8

Tested with axial force in neutral, then extension, then SB/rotation towards. Positive Test: reproduction of pain

Question 9

What does the Roos or EAST Test test?

Answer 9

Compression of subclavian A.

Question 10

How do you perform Roos test?

Answer 10

abduct shoulder to 90 and externally roate with elbow flex to 90 and open and cose fist for 3 mins

Question 11

What does Adson test test for?

Answer 11

Neurovascular bundle compression by tight scalene muscles or 1st rib.

Question 12

How do you perfrom Adson test and what is positive?

Answer 12

Locate radial pulse and abducts and extend and exterally rotates the shoulder. Extend head to the affected side, if pain is reproduced then it’s 1st rib etioogy
Then the pt head is extendedand rotated away from affected side, if pain is reproduced then it’s a tight scalene muscle

Question 13

What does Wright’s Hyperadbduction test for?

Answer 13

neurovascular bundle compression by pec minor

Question 14

How do you perfro Wright’s hyperabduction and what is positive test?

Answer 14

Locate radial pusle and have pt abduct pt arm above shoulder with some extension. + = loss or chage in puse, and exacerbation of ain/parestheisa

Question 15

What does costoclavicular test test for?

Answer 15

Tests for NV bundle compression by clavicle and rib 1.

Question 16

How does you perfrom costoclavicular test?

Answer 16

pt seated with doc behind. contact the ipsilateral wrist at the radial pulse, extend the shoulder, with elbow extended and wrist supinated and apply caudal pressure on the shoulder + = decrease in reaidal pulse = thoracic outlet syndrome due to decrease space between rib 1 and clavicle

Question 17

What is brudzinki’s sign?

Answer 17

Flexion in both hips and knees with nuchal regidiity test.

Question 18

What does nuchal ridigity test for?

Answer 18

Inflammation in subarachnoid space.. ie. meningitis or subrachonid hemorrhage.

Question 19

How do you perform nuchal rigidity test?

Answer 19

Pt supine, place hands behind pat’s head an flex neck forward until chin touches chest. Normally neck supple and easily bends. + = marked neck stiffness/resistance to flexion found in 57-92% cases of acute bacterial meningitis, and 21-86% of fsubarachnoid heorhage.

Question 20

what is Jefferson fracture?

Answer 20

C 1 burst fracture (axial compression injury)

Question 21

What is dens fracture?

Answer 21

C2 odontoid fracture at junction of process and body

Question 22

What is hangmans’ fracture?

Answer 22

Hyperextension, bilateral arch fracture, unstable

Question 23

What is Clay shoveler’s fracture?

Answer 23

Spinous process fracture at C6-C7. Hyperextension or avulsion force from muscle contraction.