C Psych Exam 1

Question 1

Left Brain and Right Brain

Answer 1

Left brain is logical, analytical, good at math, and rational.
Right brain is creative, artistic, intuitive, and emotional

-BUTTTT this is false because it is all interconnected

Question 2

Localization of Function

Answer 2

specific functions are served by specific areas of the brain
-stuff seen from the right visual field will then be process from our left brain hemisphere

Question 3

Frontal Lobe

Answer 3

suppress socially inappropriate behavior - predicts consequences of actions - plays a role in choice between good and bad - problem solving

Question 4

Broca’s area

Answer 4

Damage here can cause slow and labored speech

Question 5

Werenickes’s area

Answer 5

Damage to this area can cause incoherent, meaningless speech, and difficulties with comprehension - can’t really understand anything - production and speech words are easy, they just make no sense

Question 6

Double Association

Answer 6

Occurs if damage to one area of the brain causes function A to be absent while function B is present and damage to another area causes function B to be absent while function A is present

Question 7

fMRI Activity

Answer 7

Increased activity in an area called fusiform face area when participants look at pictures of faces in the scanner
-helped us prove that specific areas of the brain have different jobs because during the exp. when a face was seen only parts of the brain lit up

Question 8

Inverse projection problem

Answer 8

refers to the ambiguous mapping from the retinal images to the sources of retinal stimulation.

Question 9

View Point Invariance

Answer 9

the ability to recognize an object seen from different viewpoints.

Question 10

Gestalt Principles

Answer 10

Image result for Gestalt Principles psychology
Gestalt psychology is a school of thought that looks at the human mind and behavior as a whole. When trying to make sense of the world around us, Gestalt psychology suggests that we do not simply focus on every small component. Instead, our minds tend to perceive objects as elements of more complex systems.
Proximity.
Similarity.
Continuity.
Closure.
Connectedness.

Question 11

Sensation

Answer 11

Any concrete, conscious experience resulting from the stimulation of a specific sense organ, sensory nerve, or sensory area of the brain - HOW WE PROCESS ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULI

Question 12

Perception

Answer 12

The set of processes by which we recognize, organize, and make sense of the sensations we receive from environmental stimuli - HOW WE INTERPRET ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULI

Question 13

Bottom Up Processing

Answer 13

Occurs when we see basic features of sensory stimuli and then integrate them
- THIS OBJECT IS BLUE, YELLOW, AND GREEN (Starts with sensory receptors and then works its way UP to higher levels of processing =)

Question 14

Template Matching Theories

Answer 14

USED IN BOTTOM UP PROCESSING
-proposes that our mind stores sets of templates which we use by selecting a template that perfectly matches what we observes
CONS= faults to account for some aspect of letter processing and how can we possibly anticipate and crate so many templates for every conceivable object of perception?

Question 15

Feature Matching Theories

Answer 15

USED IN BOTTOM UP PROCESSING
-suggest that we attempt to match features of a patter to features stored in memory

Question 16

Top Down Processing

Answer 16

Occurs when previous experiences and expectations are first used to recognize and interpret sensory stimuli
- cognition driven
- THIS HAS PETALS AND LEAVES IT MUST BE A FLOWER (starts with sensory inputs, but constructs perception based on prior experience and expectations

Question 17

Constructive Perception

Answer 17

USED IN TOP DOWN PROCESSING
-the preserver builds a cognitive understanding of a stimulus
-During perception we quickly form and test various hypothesis regarding percepts - the percepts are based on the follow
What we sense
What we know
What we can infer

Question 18

Unconscious inference

Answer 18

The process by which we unconsciously assimilate information from a number of sources to create perception

Question 19

Semantic Regularities/Scene Schema

Answer 19

Is a random object in a scene that does not make sense that are not appropriate for the scene
-the things that are appropriate to the scene were recognized more rapidly

Question 20

What Pathway

Answer 20

Responsible for processing the color, shape, and identity of visual stimuli

Question 21

Where Pathway

Answer 21

Responsible for processing location and motor information

Question 22

Mirror Neurons

Answer 22

Neurons that respond to actions whether performed by ones self or someone else
-watching sports
-babies
-monkey EXP

Question 23

Attention

Answer 23

Means by which we actively select and process a limited amount of information from all the information captured by our senses, stored memory, and other cognitive processes

Question 24

Selective Attention

Answer 24

Attending to one source of information while ignoring all others

Question 25

Broadbents Filter Model

Answer 25

1. all incoming information goes to sensory memory
2. filter identifies attested message based on physical characteristics
3. attended message sent to the section that analyzes meaning
4. message is sent to Short Term Memory

Question 26

Low Perceptual Load and High Perceptual Load

Answer 26

not much perceptual stimuli and then more perceptual stimuli

Question 27

Cognitive Load

Answer 27

How difficult or how tasking a task is

Question 28

Divided attention

Answer 28

Attention on more than one thing
-allocation of available attentional resources to coordinate the performance of more than one task at a time or the rapid switching of tasks

Question 29

Scattered Attention Hypothesis

Answer 29

Says that multitasking is not good for us and it will impart and make us fail at tasks more
-has more data supporting compared to trained attention hypothesis

Question 30

Trained Attention Hypothesis

Answer 30

Says that it could actually be beneficial because it will train us how to switch back and forth better

Question 31

Schneirder and Shriffing 1977 study

Answer 31

Divided attention task where participants were presented targets in rapid succession and at firs there was only 55% success rate and then after 900 trials there was a 90% accuracy rate
-SO with practice they became better
then they made the task even harder and the results were bad again
-SO this suggest that automatic processing is not possible for difficult tasks
“That moment when you lower the music when looking for the street address so you can ‘see’ better”

Question 32

Functional Connectivity

Answer 32

Defined as the strength to which activity between a pair of brain regions covaries or correlates over time.

Question 33

Introspection

Answer 33

used to describe both an informal reflection process and a more formalized experimental approach

Question 34

What makes up the body of a neuron?

Answer 34

The Cell Body

Question 35

Order for Atkinson and Shriffins model of memory

Answer 35

input-sensory memory-short term-long term

Question 36

Limitations for Information Processing

Answer 36

Assumes serial processing and does not account for Top Down Processing

Question 37

What does Skinner’s operant conditioning show?

Answer 37

is strengthened by the presentation of positive reinforcers EX: there is a lever that provides food so the rat will continue to pull the lever because they want food

Question 38

Classical Conditioning

Answer 38

Involuntary change in behavior (just happens) for EX: conditioned to be afraid of bunnies because they are presented with loud bangs - negative reinforcers

Question 39

Connectome

Answer 39

A complete map of the brain neural connections

Question 40

Distributed Representation has to do with

Answer 40

functional Connectivity AND connectome

Question 41

Late Selection Model

Answer 41

Listening to voices in both ears - if you are told to focus on what you hear in your left ear, you may still hear stuff in your right ear based on biases