C&P - 18th and 19th Century Britain Flashcards
What was the size of the population of Britain by 1900?
41.5 million
Why did poor harvests have less of an impact on society in this period?
Food could easily be imported from other countries
What was the most common form of punishment in industrial Britain?
Prison
What was true of highway robbery?
1) Highway robbers were often demobilised soldiers returning from foreign wars
2) Horses and weapons became cheaper to obtain in this period so it was easier to become a highway robber
Landowners could only hunt on their land if it had a value of what?
£100
The 1723 Black Act made the hunting of which animals a capital crime?
Deer, hare and rabbits
What was the name of the crime that involved bringing goods into the country through coastal areas to avoid paying taxes?
Smuggling
What percentage of people sentenced to death were actually executed in the 1800s?
10%
What were ships used to keep prisoners awaiting transportation called?
Prison Hulks
How long was the journey to Australia?
9 months
In what year did John Howard write his report about the general state of prisons?
1777
What was included in the recommendations that John Howard made about the prison system?
1) Better accommodation
2) Changes to the fees
What religious denomination did Elizabeth Fry follow?
Quakerism
At which prison did Elizabeth Fry establish a school for children?
Newgate Prison
In what year was the Bow Street Runners group created?
1749
Why did prisoners at Pentonville Prison wear masks when exercising in the yard?
So they couldn’t speak to other inmates
What did the cells in Pentonville Prison contain?
A bed and a weaving loom
In what year was the Gaols Act passed?
1823
How many prisons did the Gaols Act apply to?
130
What was true of religion in prisons?
All inmates had to attend church and receive religious instruction
Who was responsible for bringing in the Gaols Act?
Robert Peel
