C+P 1700-1900 law enforcement Flashcards
Change and continuity in law enforcement, c.1700-c.1900
In the early 18th century, policing continued to be carried out by who?
Parish constables - who dealt with minor crimes
Watchmen - who kept an eye on private property
Soldiers - who dealt with more serious incidents, such as rebellions and riots
This changed in the 19th century, when Britain’s first professional and full-time police force was established in London.
Fill in the blanks
The first attempt to improve policing in London was made by brothers Henry and John ……… , who were ………… at Bow Street Magistrates Court.
In ……… they decided that more men were needed on London’s streets to ………. criminals. They established the ……….. ……… ……. .
The first attempt to improve policing in London was made by brothers Henry and John Fielding, who were
magistrates at Bow Street Magistrates Court. In 1748 they decided that more men were needed on London’s streets to deter criminals. They established the Bow Street Runners.
fill in the blanks….
The Bow Street ……….. were a group of ……….. that patrolled London’s streets in the evening.
The aim of their presence was to ……. crime, but they also investigated crimes and presented evidence in court for a cost. In ……., the Bow Street Runners introduced ……… .
By ………. , the Bow Street Runners were paid directly by the ……………. .
The Bow Street Runners were a group of volunteers that patrolled London’s streets in the evening. The aim of their presence was to prevent crime, but they also investigated crimes and presented evidence in court for a cost.
In 1754, the Bow Street Runners introduced fees
By 1785, the Bow Street Runners were paid directly by the government.
True or false?
The Fielding brothers introduced a horse patrol.
True
The Fielding brothers introduced a horse patrol around London to stop highwaymen and contributed to the end of highway robbery.
True or false?
The Fielding Brothers started the first criminal database?
True
the Fielding brothers published information about crime, criminals and stolen goods in a newspaper called The Public Hue and Cry.
This enabled information to be shared across the country because magistrates and gaolers would pass the newspaper on when they travelled.
What conspiracy did the Fielding brothers uncover in 1820?
The Cato Street Conspiracy, 1820. The Bow Street Runners were responsible for arresting the conspirators, who planned to murder all of the British cabinet ministers and the Prime Minister, Lord Liverpool.
True or false?
The Met Police was the first paid police force?
False.
By 1785, the Bow Street Runners were paid directly by the government.
The Met was the first professional and full-time police force.
In 1829 it had 3,200 men, who wore a uniform with a blue overcoat and top hat and carried a truncheon rattle and handcuffs.
What was the impact of the work of the Fielding Brothers?
The Fielding brothers were the first to contribute to an organised system of preventing crime and street policing in London in the 18th century.
Their objective was deterrence.
Their success led to the Middlesex and Westminster detective offices being set up. In 1792, the Middlesex Justices Act established further offices, each with six constables employed to detect crimes and arrest suspects.
During 1800s, why were the people against the idea of a police force initially?
Many people in Britain were concerned that a government-provided police force may limit their freedom.
Fears of a standing army.
They were against increased taxation to pay for the police force.
fill in the blanks…
The ………….. Police Act was introduced in Parliament by the Home Secretary, Sir ……… ……… , in ………. .
It applied only to ……….., where it replaced the system of ……….. and parish constables with a larger ………….. and full-time police force.
The aim of this police force was to ……… crime by having a ………. on the streets.
The Metropolitan Police Act was introduced in Parliament by the Home Secretary, Sir Robert Peel, in 1829.
It applied only to London, where it replaced the system of watchmen and parish constables with a larger professional and full-time police force. The aim of this police force was to deter crime by having a presence on the streets.
What was the purpose and intention of the police uniform?
The police uniform was a blue overcoat with tails.
It was designed to look civilian rather than military, so that the police would be seen as different from the army. This was because some people were worried that the new police force would try to control people. They deliberately looked and behaved differently from the army and didn’t carry firearms.
Why did Peel introduce Metropolitan Police were introduced in 1829?
The Home Secretary, Sir Robert Peel, was determined to reduce the amount of crime and persuaded other politicians that a police force could do this without reducing people’s freedom.
In 1829, why was the Met police introduced?
(in regard to taxes and govt)
The British government was gradually becoming more involved in people’s lives and was able to use taxes to pay for the police force.
In 1829, why was the Met police introduced?
(in regard to common people)
Constables and watchmen found it difficult to patrol the streets in growing cities, such as London. This led residents to support a larger and professionally paid police force.
Most people were concerned that crime was increasing and supported the introduction of the police force.
Following the success of the Met police, what happened in 1835?
Towns were allowed to set up their own police forces under the Municipal Corporations Act.
