C++ Exam1

Question 1

#include <iostream></iostream>

Answer 1

When a line begins with a # it indicates it is a preprocessor directive.

The #include directive causes the preprocessor to include the contents of another file in the program .

The word inside the brackets, iostream, is the name of the file that is to be included . The iostream file contains code that allows a C++ program to display output on the screen and read input from the keyboard.

Because the cout statement prints output to the computer screen, we need to include this file. Its contents will be placed in the program at the point the #include statement appears.

The iostream file is called a header file, so it should be included at the head, or top, of the program.

It is part of the input - output stream library. The iostream
header file contains information describing iostream objects. Without it, the compiler will not know how to properly compile a program that uses cout .

Any program that uses the cout object must contain the extensive setup information found in the iostream file.

Question 2

using namespace std;

Answer 2

Variables, functions, and objects are examples of program entities that must have names. C++ uses namespaces to
organize the names of program entities.

The statement using namespace std; declares that the program will be accessing entities whose names are part of the namespace called std . (Yes, even namespaces have names.)

The program needs access to the std namespace because every name created by the iostream file is part of that namespace. In order for a program to use the entities in iostream, it must have access to the std namespace .

Question 3

int main()

Answer 3

This marks the beginning of a function. A function can be thought of as a group of one or more programming statements that has a name. The name of this function is main, and the set of parentheses that follows the name indicates that it is a function . The word int stands for “integer.” It indicates that the function sends an integer value back to the operating system when it is finished executing.

Question 4

Common Escape Sequences

Answer 4

Question 5

string literal, a string constant, or simply a string

Answer 5

In programming terms, the group of characters inside the
quotation marksis called a string literal, a string constant, or simply a string.

Question 6

semicolon

Answer 6

many C++ lines, such as comments, preprocessor directives, and the beginning of functions, are not complete statements

Question 7

number = 5;

Answer 7

This is an assignment statement, and the = sign is called the assignment operator. This operator copies the value on its right (5) into the variable named on its left (number ).

Question 8

variable definition

Answer 8

It tells the compiler the variable’s name and the type
of datait will hold . Notice that the definition gives the data type first, then the name of the variable, and ends with a semicolon.

int number ;

Question 9

To use stream manipulators, you should include the ________ header file.

Answer 9

iomanip

Question 10

Program code that can be evaluated to a value is called a(n)

Answer 10

expression.

Question 11

Which of the following statements will assign number a value from 90 - 100?

Answer 11

number = rand() % 11 + 90;

Question 12

________ must be included in a program in order to use the cout object.

Answer 12

The iostream header file

Question 13

A variable must be defined

Answer 13

before it can be used.

Question 14

True/False: The cin object lets the user enter a string that contains embedded blanks.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

True/False: The rule for matching an else with an if is that an else goes with the last if statement before it that doesn’t have its own else.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

True/False: In C++, the 5 basic arithmetic operators are
addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), division (/), and exponentiation (^).

Answer 16

True

Question 17

To use the sqrt() function, or other mathematical library functions, you must #include the ________ header file in your program.

Answer 17

cmath

Question 18

For data validation, it is best to use a(n)

Answer 18

while loop.

Question 19

The while loop has two important parts: a condition that is tested and a statement or block of statements that is

Answer 19

repeated as long as the condition is true.

Question 20

A(n) ________ is a variable that controls the number of times a loop iterates.

Answer 20

loop control variable

Question 21

In a for statement, the ________ expression is executed only once

Answer 21

initialization

Question 22

The ideal type of loop to use if you want a user to enter exactly 20 values is a(n) ________ loop.

Answer 22

for

Question 23

To use files in a C++ program you must include the ________ header file.

Answer 23

fstream

Question 24

A variable that keeps a running total of data values is called a(n)

Answer 24

accumulator.

Question 25

The ideal type of loop to use for repeating a menu is a(n) ________ loop.

Answer 25

do-while

Question 26

To use files in a C++ program you must include the ________ header file.

Answer 26

fstream

Question 27

Common Escape Sequences

Answer 27

Question 28

Identifiers

Answer 28

Question 29

Math Func(1)

Answer 29

Question 30

Math Func(2)

Answer 30

Question 31

Stream Manipulators

Answer 31

Question 32

cstdlib

Answer 32

It returns a non-negative integer each time it is called. _To use the rand() function_, you must include the cstdlib header file in your program.

Question 33

seed

Answer 33

Th e algorithm needs a starting value, called a seed, to generate the numbers. (As in random numbers)

Question 34

Limiting the Range of a Random Number

Answer 34

number = (rand() % (maxValue - minValue + 1)) + minValue;

Question 35

Hand tracing

Answer 35

Hand tracing is a debugging process where you pretend that you are the computer executing a program. You step through each of the program ‘s statements one by one.

Question 36

Precedence of Relational Expressions

Answer 36

Question 37

Relational Expressions

Answer 37

Question 38

Setting Up a Program for File Input / Output

Answer 38

Question 39

File Stream Data Type

Answer 39

Question 40

Creating a File Stream Object and Opening a File

Answer 40