C - Coastal Landforms and Landscapes of Erosion

Question 1

describe the formation of a cave

Answer 1

• hydraulic action and abrasion erodes the headlands
• creates small cracks
• these widen to form a cave

Question 2

where do caves, arches, stacks and stumps form?

Answer 2

on headlands

Question 3

describe the formation of an arch

Answer 3

• hydraulic action and abrasion from either side of the headland erode it until they meet
• this tunnel like feature widens to form an arch

Question 4

describe the formation of a stack

Answer 4

the arch continues to widen until it can no longer support itself, so it collapses and leaves a stack which is now detached from the headland

Question 5

describe the formation of a stump

Answer 5

erosion attacking the base of the stack and weathering eroding the top of it causes it to collapse and form a stump

Question 5

describe the formation of a wave-cut notch

Answer 5

• waves erode a cliff
• erosion is mainly concentrated where the high tide is
• hydraulic action and corrasion create a wave-cut notch

Question 5

describe the formation of a wave-cut platform

Answer 5

• the notch deepens and the cliff face becomes unstable
• falls under its own weight due to mass movement
• leaves behind a wave-cut platform after this process repeats