C+C Flashcards
Why did the Romans offer sacrifices?
Made as an offering in exchange for favour or good fortune
What did the Romans sacrifice?
Grains, cakes, vegetables, animals (main sacrifice + best!)
The sacrifice needed to be perfect and healthy
Explain the process of sacrificing an animal…
- Everyone needed to be clean (including sacrifice)
- Sacrifice decorated in wool or ribbon
- Everyone walked in a procession down to the altar
- Person conducting sacrifice re-washes hands + offers prayers
- Wine + grain poured over head + slaughtered
- Animal is then gutted = if entrails good - gods are happy, if entrails bad = gods are displeased and while process of sacrifice is redone!
- Remains divided + eaten
Explain the process of sacrificing an animal using the prompts
🛀
🎀🐑
🚶
Re-🫧🖐️ + 🙏🏼
🍷🌾🚿🧑🦲
🐖😵
✅ - ☁️ 😌
🚫 - ☁️ ☹️
- Everyone needed to be clean (including sacrifice)
- Sacrifice decorated in wool or ribbon
- Everyone walked in a procession down to the altar
- Person conducting sacrifice re-washes hands + offers prayers
- Wine + grain poured over head + slaughtered
- Animal is then gutted = if entrails good - gods are happy, if entrails bad = gods are displeased and while process of sacrifice is redone!
- Remains divided + eaten
What did the Romans write curses on?
Thin sheets of lead, clay, wood or papyrus (paper)
What types of things were written on curse tablets?
Tablets were used to write punishments for the people of their choosing or addressed to a deceased person, asking the spirit of the dead to convey the message to the gods
Where did people put their curse tablets?
Curse tablets were rolled up + thrown into water, buried in the ground or place somewhere significant
What would we find cruel about gladiatorial shows?
Gruesome, deadly and terrifying!
Punishments included being thrown to exotic wilderbeasts or being made to re-enact historic battles!
What were the different types of gladiator?
Secutor
Murmillo
Retiarus
Hoplomachus
Thraex
Who was Spartacus and what do you think about him?
Spartacus was a Roman slave + gladiator who led a revolt against Rome
He was considered a brave + leader who fought against tremendous odds with remarkable success
Why did the Romans have festivals?
Romans festivals to encourage citizens to honour + worship their ancestors/gods (it was also a good way to have fun)
What types of things happen during festivals?
Everything closes, gods are honoured, offering given ( big and small), gladiator shows, chariot races or large feasts
Who did Saturnalia honour?
Saturn
What happened during Saturnalia?
- a young pig is sacrificed
- public feat- anyone can attend ( Saturn attended in spirit)
- gifts exchanged ( kids given toys and sweets)
- things went topsy turvy 🫨 - Masters served and a member of household was named the king of saturnalia + ruled house for entire festival!
What is in the temple of Saturn?
An ivory statue of Saturn with wall around the feet (represents restraint) and wool is removed during the festival (once off = chains lifted)
Who is honoured during the festival of Lupercalia?
Honours lupercus
What happens during the festival of Lupercalia?
A dog and some goats are sacrificed @ the Lupercal cave
Two youths - Smeared with sacrificial blood
Cut up skins of goats into thin strips (= called Februa) + run through Roman Forum, whipping spectators with the strips
Symbolic as seen as Lucky = if you wanted a baby, the whip meant you could conceive one
If you were pregnant, the width you would have an easy birth and a healthy baby
What did secutor wear?
Long oblong shield, helmet, sword, arm guard + greaves on one leg
What did murmillo wear?
Helmet, oblong shield, arm guard ( left arm), gaiter (right leg), sword
What did hoplomachus wear?
Small + round shield, brimmed helmet, arm guard (manica= right arm), greaves (both legs), spear
What did retiarus wear?
Loincloth (basically naked!), LARGE arm guard (manica - left arm) , carried a three pronged trident + a dagger
What did thraex wear?
Broad rimmed helmet, griffin, square shaped shield, carried a curved sword
Another name for Secutor
PURSUER
Another name for murmillo
FISHMAN
Another name for hoplomachus
SHIELD FIGHTER
Another name for retiarius
NET FIGHTER
Another name for thraex
THRACIAN
