C and T Spine - 1

Question 1

what percent of the adult general public suffer from persistent neck pain of at least 3 months duration?

Answer 1

16-23%

Question 2

which type of work environment has the greatest risk of neck pain

Answer 2

static postures: typists, people whom work on computers all day, and sweing machine operators

Question 3

T/F: research shows that it does not matter what kind of passive treatment one offers, it is what the patient does that really matters

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

often called a “pinched nerve,” occurs when a nerve in your neck is compressed or irritated where it branches away from your spinal cord. This can cause pain that radiates into your shoulder, as well as muscle weakness and numbness that travels down your arm and into your hand.

Answer 4

cervical radiculopathy

Question 5

is a loss of function in your upper and lower extremities because of compression of the spinal cord within your neck

can involve your arms, hands, legs, and bowel and bladder function

Answer 5

cervical myelopathy

Question 6

commonly known as double vision

Answer 6

diplopia

Question 7

muscles you use for speech are weak or you have difficulty controlling them

characterized by slurred or slow speech that can be difficult to understand

Answer 7

dysarthria

Question 8

difficulty swallowing

Answer 8

dysphagia

Question 9

vision condition in which the eyes make repetitive, uncontrolled movements. These movements often result in reduced vision and depth perception and can affect balance and coordination.

Answer 9

Nystagmus

Question 10

an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage

Answer 10

pain

Question 11

fear of pain and re-injury may lead to

Answer 11

avoidance of activities that it is thought will do more harm

Question 12

what can lead into a perpetual circle of dz, depression, disability, and persistent pain

Answer 12

exaggerate fear of pain coupled with a hyper-vigilance to every minor discomfort

Question 13

posterior structures receive innervation from the _________ of the cervical spine nerves

Answer 13

dorsal rami

Question 14

tral rami and the sinuvertebral nerves innervate the ________ of the cervical spine

Answer 14

anterior structures

Question 15

pain: msk tissue

Answer 15

somatic

Question 16

pain: nerve root/dorsal root ganglion

Answer 16

radiuclar

Question 17

pain: equals both somatic and radicular pain

Answer 17

combined states

Question 18

pain: CNS

Answer 18

central pain

Question 19

pain: visceral organs

Answer 19

visceral

Question 20

the quality of ______ pain is dep and aching in quality, vague and hard to localise

Answer 20

somatic

Question 21

upper and mid cervical segements tend to refer to

Answer 21

occiput, neck, and upper shoulder

Question 22

lower cervical segments refer to the

Answer 22

shoulder, scapula, and upper arm

Question 23

______ pain is sever, lancinating, or shooting in quality, felt along a narrow strip

Answer 23

radicular

Question 24

c spine level: refers to lateral neck and top of shoulder

Answer 24

C4

Question 25

c spine level: refers more distally to the lateral arm

Answer 25

C5

Question 26

c spine level: refer down the lateral arm and into the thumb and index finger

Answer 26

C6

Question 27

c spine level: refer to the more posterior and extends into the middle and ring fingers

Answer 27

C7

Question 28

______ pain is most commonly felt in the shoulder girdle and upper arm

Answer 28

somatic referred

Question 29

if pain is felt in the distal part of the limb, which type of pain is it most likely to be?

radicular or somatic

Answer 29

radicular

and most commonly paired with neurological signs and symptoms

Question 30

______ pain is phantom limb pain, post-herpetic neuralgia and the pain from a brachial plexus lesion

Answer 30

central

Question 31

90% of individuals with coronary heart dz experience angina, a large proportion of these peoples with chest pain _______ have any underlying cardiac problem

Answer 31

DO NOT

Question 32

clinical syndrome due to myocardial ischemia characterized by episodes of precordial discomfort or pressure, typically precipated by exertion and relieved by rest

Answer 32

chest pain

Question 33

in primary care pt’s, ______ % of two large cohorts of pt’s attending with chest pain were diagnosed with a msk problem

Answer 33

30

Question 34

it is highly ______ that mobilisation of spinal structures, whether through exercise or therapist techniques, would actually affect symptoms that were genuinely visceral in origin

Answer 34

UNLIKELY

Question 35

what 3 mechanisms are known to activate nociceptors

Answer 35

thermal

mechanical

chemical

Question 36

deformation of collagen networks so that nerve endings are squeezed between the collagen fibres, with the excessive pressure perceived as pain

Answer 36

mechanical nociception

Question 37

bending your right index finger back is an example of

Answer 37

mechanical nociception

Question 38

T/F: when intermittent mechanical pain is the main presenting symptom, drugs should never be the treatment of choice

Answer 38

TRUE

Question 39

produced by the irritation of free nerve endings in the presence of certain chemicals, such as histamine, serotonin, hydrogen ions, substance p and bradykinin

Answer 39

chemical nociception

Question 40

constant pain: mechanical or chemical

Answer 40

most always chemical

Question 41

constant pain

shortly after onset

cardinal signs may be present - swelling, redness, heat, tenderness

lasting aggravation of pain by all repeated movement testing

no movement foudn that reduces, abolishes, or centralises pain

Answer 41

inflammatory (chemical) pain

Question 42

certain repeated movemetns cause a lasting reduction, abolition, or centralisation of pain

movements in one direction may worsen symptoms, whereas movements in the other direction improves them

improves with the symptoms

Answer 42

mechanical pain

Question 43

timeframe:

inflammation

tissue repair

remodeling

Answer 43

inflammation < 5 days

tissue repair < 7 weeks

remodeling > 7 weeks

Question 44

intermittent pain is almost certainly ______ in origin, and is generally easier to treat than constant pain

Answer 44

mechanical

Question 45

in normal msk problems, inflammatory problems are only a consideration in the ________

Answer 45

first few days

Question 46

in inflammatory irritants sensitise the local pain receptor system and lower the threshold at which the system is triggered, creating a state of ________

Answer 46

peripheral sensitisation

Question 47

only during the ______ period are rest and relative rest required; this must be followed by early mobilisation to optimise tissue healing

Answer 47

inflammatory

Question 48

fibroplastic or repair stage commences as the acute inflammatory stage subsides and lasts about three weeks

collagen and glycosaminoglycans that replace the dead and damaged tissue are laid down

Answer 48

tissue repair stage

Question 49

about what day after injury is the most optimal to apply gentle natural tension to encourage good quality repair with collagen fibres

Answer 49

5th day