C A R D I O V A S C U L A R S Y S T E M 💘 Flashcards
All about the insides and out of our inner pump, the heart.
What is the main function of the cardiovascular system?
Transport nutrients and oxygen to cells
Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body?
Left ventricle
Why would low hemoglobin levels cause fatigue?
Hemoglobin carries oxygen, and low levels reduce oxygen delivery to tissues.
A patient has high blood pressure. Name one lifestyle change to help manage it.
Reduce salt intake, exercise, manage stress, or lose weight.
Explain why the left ventricle has thicker walls than the right ventricle.
The left ventricle pumps blood to the entire body, requiring more force.
What might happen if the SA node stops functioning properly?
Irregular heartbeats or the need for a pacemaker.
How does regular exercise benefit the cardiovascular system?
Improves heart efficiency, reduces blood pressure, and increases circulation.
What could cause an increase in heart rate during rest?
Stress, fever, anemia, hyperthyroidism, or dehydration.
How do beta blockers affect the heart?
They reduce heart rate and blood pressure by blocking adrenaline.
What role do capillaries play in the cardiovascular system?
They facilitate the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste between blood and tissues.
Why might a person with atherosclerosis experience chest pain?
Narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the heart muscle, causing ischemia.
Pulse pressure is always a constant value in healthy individuals.
NAWP
If systolic pressure increases but diastolic pressure remains constant, pulse pressure will increase.
YEAH
A patient’s systolic pressure is 160 mmHg, and their diastolic pressure is 100 mmHg. Is this patient in hypertensive crisis?
Yes, this meets the criteria for hypertensive crisis (>180/120 mmHg), and immediate medical attention is needed.
Calculate the blood pressure classification for 135/85 mmHg using the American Heart Association guidelines:
Stage 1 Hypertension
A patient has a blood pressure of 130/85 mmHg. If their heart rate is 80 bpm, what is their pulse pressure, and what does it indicate about their cardiovascular health?
Pulse pressure: 130 - 85 = 45 mmHg
Interpretation: A normal pulse pressure indicates good arterial elasticity.
Calculate the blood pressure classification for 135/85 mmHg using the American Heart Association guidelines:
Stage 1 Hypertension
A patient’s systolic pressure is 160 mmHg, and their diastolic pressure is 100 mmHg. Is this patient in hypertensive crisis?
Yes, this meets the criteria for hypertensive crisis (>180/120 mmHg), and immediate medical attention is needed.
Explain how narrowing of blood vessels (vasoconstriction) affects systolic and diastolic pressures.
Vasoconstriction increases resistance in blood vessels, leading to higher systolic and diastolic pressures.
Identify the test: Measures the electrical activity of the heart.
Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
Identify the condition: Blockage of blood flow to the brain.
Stroke
Identify the protein: Helps blood clot.
Fibrin
Identify the condition: Chronic high blood pressure.
Hypertension
Identify the vessel: Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
Pulmonary artery
A patient has a blockage in a coronary artery. What condition might this lead to?
Myocardial infarction (heart attack).
Search for an image of a heart and study where these parts are:
Aorta
Left ventricle
Right atrium
Pulmonary artery
Mitral valve
I hope you identified well; Andreas Vesalius is watching! ;)
What is the significance of the P wave in an ECG?
represents atrial depolarization.
Name the main types of blood vessels.
Arteries, veins, and capillaries.
What is diastolic blood pressure?
pressure in arteries when the heart is at rest between beats.
What is systolic blood pressure?
pressure in arteries during heart contractions.
What is the primary role of the cardiovascular system?
deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues and remove waste products.
MATCHING TYPE [Match the letters?!]
A. Red blood cells
B. White blood cells
C. Platelets
D. Plasma
E. Hemoglobin
- Transports oxygen
- Fights infection
- Clots blood
- Fluid medium
- Carries oxygen
Transports oxygen (E)
Fights infection (B)
Clots blood (C)
Fluid medium (D)
Carries oxygen (A)
The amount of blood ejected by the heart in one minute is called
Cardiac output
The liquid portion of blood is called
Plasma
The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle is the
Mitral (or bicuspid) valve
The lower chambers of the heart are called
Ventricles
The upper chambers of the heart are called
Atria
Blood pressure is the force of blood against vessel walls.
YEAH
The coronary arteries supply blood to the lungs.
NAWP
The left side of the heart deals with oxygenated blood.
YEAH
Arteries always carry oxygen-rich blood.
NAWP
The heart is located in the thoracic cavity.
YEAH
What is the typical normal resting heart rate for an adult?
60-100 bpm
The “lub-dub” sound of the heart is caused by:
Closing of the heart valves
What type of blood vessel allows exchange of oxygen and nutrients with tissues?
Capillaries
Which blood vessels have the thickest walls?
Arteries
The sinoatrial (SA) node is also known as:
The heart’s pacemaker
What is the main component of blood that carries oxygen?
Hemoglobin in red blood cells
Blood returning to the heart from the body enters which chamber first?
Right atrium
What is the largest artery in the body?
Aorta
Diastolic pressure occurs when the ventricles are relaxed.
YEAH
